完整word版英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案.docx

1、完整word版英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案2014年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题（第一套）及答案Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.All the traditional reasons put forward to

2、 interpret the pay gap-that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they dont seek as many management roles-failed to justify this one. These young women didnt have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few

3、 of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our

4、higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal pla

5、ce. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result, its not surpr

6、ising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的)

7、All their lives, todays young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion-to pursue science and sports, math and theater-and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and

8、 too scared of failing.56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because _.A) they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB) they do not feel as fit for management rolesC) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qual

9、ities57. What does the author say about Americas higher education system?A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C) It does not take care of women students special needs.D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects

10、.58. What does the author say about todays college experience?A) It is different for male and female students.B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C) It is more exhausting than most women expect.D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.59. What does the author say about w

11、omen students in college?A) They have no idea how to bring out their best.B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D) They dont perform as well as they did in high school.60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and w

12、omen fresh from college?A) Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B) Women are not ready to take management roles.C) Women are caught between career and family.D) Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Heading leadership literature

13、, youd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.I dont believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.Part of the

14、 reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求) leadership in the first place.Weve all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether its a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they cant help grabbing the lead dog posit

15、ion and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe theyre natural born leaders.Truth is, theyre nothing of the sort. True leaders dont assume that its their divine (神圣的) right, to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation

16、 on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that cant be solved

17、by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you arent working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isnt th

18、eir only tool. In fact, it isnt even their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answers, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know its vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If yo

19、ure too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you arent leading at all, youre dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

20、。61. What does the author think of the leaders he knows?A) Many of them are used to taking charge.B) Few of them are equal to their positions.C) Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D) Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.62. Why are some people eager to grab leadership

21、positions?A) They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B) They believe in what leadership literature says.C) They have proved competent in many situations.D) They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.63. What characterizes a great leader according to the author?A) Being able to take pr

22、ompt action when chances present themselves.B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C) Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.64. How will many business executives respond when

23、their command fails to generate action?A) They reassess the situation at hand.B) They become impatient and rude.C) They resort to any tool available.D) They blame their team members.65. What is the authors advice to leaders?A) Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B) Use different tools to achi

24、eve different, goals.C) Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D) Show determination when faced with tough tasks.第三套Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices

25、into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies.But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect; doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed t

26、hat half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure. This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as distracted doctoring. In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devic

27、es in critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus on patients instead of devices. You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting, said Dr. Peter Papada

28、kos at the University of Rochester Medical Center. My gut feeling (本能的感觉) is lives are in danger, said Dr. Papadakos. Were not educating people about the problem, and its getting worse. A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged

29、that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous. Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many m

30、edical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger ones, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices. The pressure stems from a mantra(信条) of modem medicine that patient care must be data driven, and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By ma

31、ny accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology offers great potential in health care, but he added that doctors first priority should be w

32、ith the patient.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56. Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and other devices?A) To reduce medical error.B) To cope with emergencies.C) To facilitate administration.D) To simplify medical procedures.57. What does the author refer to by distracted doctoring ?A) The disservice done by modem devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.B) The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.