1、最新虚拟语气语法总结精品课件虚拟语气在英语文法中有三种语气,即直述式语气(Inative ood)、祈使语气 (pte od)和虚拟语气(SubjectieMood),其中前两种我们早已熟悉了,这里则不多谈了,如: How beauful shes! 则是直述式语气,而Hury u! Dont hurry up则是祈使语气.我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望,一种与事实相反的情况,或者将不可能实现的,或可能性很小的事实,假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式,即与现在事实相反的假设,与过去事实相反的假设,与将来事实相反的假设。它
2、们具体结构如表7。虚拟语气的构成种类条件 句结构主 句结 构与现在事实相反动词用过去式e 动词用 ereShou/co动词原形woul/ight+动词原形与过去事实相反的用hd+过去分词Suld/oldhav+过去分词ould/ighthv过去分词与将来事实相反动词用过去式wee to 加动词原形shuld 加动词原形shold动词原形would动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表种类功用句型例句虚拟语气表示主观愿望主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wsw coul g toe seasde tody.wish现在过去式过去had+过去分词I wi I hdone tothe basketball ma
3、th.将来sould+动词原形wou+动词原形cou+动词原形might动词原形Iwihed I ou fly to h onI wish ould tyere litle lng.wld ratr现在过去式I wul aheryoucam to y pry tmorow。表示虚拟比较或方式状语从句从句动词形式She lookdat te rhanasif he were here ow chil。as i, as thoug,even f 从句与现实相反过去式与过去相反hd+过去分词Teyr tkin asi hy hd beenriends fo many years。与将来相反shoul
4、d+动词原形would+动词原形cold+动词原形ght动词原形eman oke wrrd, a though something would hppen to him。hat, so that,inorder that从句my+动词原形migt+动词原形can+动词原形coul动词原形urn o e light so ht I culd itclealy。 I wrned hm in rdertath mtkeeawayfromth nger.表示间接的命令、建议或请求宾语从句用于get, ppose, init, desire, n,reust, rdr, comn等之后(should)+
5、动词原形The reuirthatI (soul) goat nce. He sugetethat te meeng (hul) srterlir.表语从句主句中的主语常是:suggestn, idea, proosal, re, quest等Mysuggstio s tht e should e hi。 Our only requst is that tis prole(shul) be settld as soo apoib。同位语从句Tey recei anrethat the work b stopped。在主语从句中表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等It is necessary (impo
6、rat,naural, sange 等)tha主语从句中的动词形式:t is essarythatevery mmbe remeberhese ruls.It igrea pty hat e sod b aeles.I issuggested hat ehod get erythig readyby toightIt s a pity (a sha, nowondr 等) thoul+动词原形I ugestd (rqustd, propos 等)tht表示祝愿或愿望ay+动词原形My yusucced!动词原形+宾语Long live he Peop Repli o Chin!其他t s ti
7、me that+主语+hud+动词原形t is ime tht+主语+动词过去式Is time ht you shold go home not is igh timehat w lft。1 语法辨析Incorre:f I as a gir, I wouldaryyouorrect:f I were grl, I wud marry o 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,i条件句中的b动词一律用wre,这句话应译为我要是个女孩,我就嫁给你。实际上不可能是个女孩.ncorect: I Iwre you wil ot worrorrect: If I were yoI houldn wory现在时的
8、虚拟语气主句要用houl或woud 加动词原形,这句话应译为我要是你的话,就没有必要烦恼。要注意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得婉转些,有礼貌些。Incorct:God orgive you!Correct:Gfoiveyou!这里的主语 God 是第三人称单数,之所以动词不加 是因为要表达一种祝愿,即人力所不能及的事情,实际上是frgv前有一助动词shoul,a 等,但在口语中将其省略了。如: May youbehay祝你幸福。ncorrec:f te weathrwa c yeseray,e woulhavgno the zooCorrect: I t wathe hd ee
9、nceyesterda, we wol hagne to the o因句中有 sterd 一词即表示的是与过去相反的事实,即昨天天气很不好,我们也未去动物园,所以 if 条件句应用 d+过去分词。Incorrect:I itis wasnot snong riht now,Iil go fo walkCrret: If is(wer)nning righnow, I wouldg for a walk 虚拟语态 be 动词作助动词时,则可用wa来取代wre, 如 was to。虚拟语态中的动词如果是表示正在进行之中也要用进行时态。crrect: I y hd tke m adice,yuoul
10、d hae been bettr nowCorect: If yo hd tkn myadice,o woud e beternow 这句话的意思是如果你以前要是能听我的忠告的话,你现在就会好多了.其条件句是与过去事实相反的虚拟句,而主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟句,这在语法书中叫做混合虚拟条件句。例如:If I ha cght ht plae, Iwl e dead nw 即: h plan ntendo ctchrhed and vryo was killdIcorre:Heere you, he wuld g home atceCorect:ere he y, hewuld go home
11、at onceorrect:I he er you, h woud home nce在虚拟条件句中的f可以省略,但f省略后其句子的结构要采用倒装语序。Incorect: Spposng or teaher aw youwith me hat does she hin?Correc: Suppoig yor teacher aw yuwith me, whatmiht she tin? 这句话中没有if条件句,但仍要用作虚拟语态.这里因为有些分词或介词短语,起到了从句的作用。这些短语有: whou,proiding, suppoing, bu r(you)Incorrc: T see th gi
12、l, yu wll like rCorret: o se he girl, u woudle er 这里的条件句是用不定式取代了。Incorec: Im soryI didhavome here y carCrret:Im sorr I shoul have come hre bca这里的条件句被省略了,其意为我真应该坐小车来.同样在句意不会混淆的情况下,主句也有时可以被省略,如:haif we shod fal! (我们万一失败了如何). If he cod do it,why not? (如果他能做,他怎么会不干呢?)Incorrec: If he earh were (w) t tn f
13、rom ast owes, I willive yu this r asa gitrrct: the earthwere(was)turn fromeast to wsI would ive you thiscar a it 条件句中也常用wer to 来表示说话者认为可能性极小或根本不可能的事。norrect: f yodve told him aly,e wud have ssd the examCorct: Ifyo ad im early,hewudhavepasshe exam 非正式口语中往往听见外国人讲:dhavp (过去分词)但仍没有人认为它是正确的句子,不易为我们效仿.Ico
14、rrct: Te itlegirl loked as i hulhavesena ghostCorrect: The lie gilloked as ifshe ad ee ghos要注意的是 as f 从句中如果用虚拟语气,它的用法要与if条件句的动词结构相同,即与现在事实相反动词用过去式,be 动词用we,而与过去事实相反的动词用hadp (过去分词).另外更要注意的是,并非所有 a if 从句都要用虚拟语气。如: Ilooksasii isoin to nw (看天好像要下雪)即是真实条件句。ncrrect: hould have com here ely,butI had eenbus
15、yorect: I houldha o heeearlybut Iwasbuyu 是转折连词,其后的句子是真实句,而不是虚拟句。nec: o telthe tuth, I is I no heradrss Corct: To tel thetruth, I w Iknewheraddrssowih的宾语从句中要用虚拟结构,与现在事实相反的条件动词要用过去式,be动词用wee,与过去事实相反的条件动词要用ha过去分词.如: I wished Ihadpassd that exmInorrec: is homworkwas witenbadlywsh ewil d t ettr omororect
16、: His omeworkas writtenadlyI ish he ol dit beter tmorrowwsh要用来表示对现状不满,希望将来有所改进,则要用o加动词原形. 并非ish不能表达真正的祝愿,但是不能接从句,而要用双宾语,或不定式,如:I ish you luck (双宾语) wish y to be a good stdentI wish o e er at onceIorrect: wsht will ot beaotrfailurCorrt: Ihope itwil not enter ilueorct: I sh it would not be anther fail
17、ure 要注意 hoe与 is的不同用法。2 例题解析例1If he on torssfor his bunss, woul haet cle his sh A deedsB willependC dpened Das deended答案C 这是与现在事实相反的假设。应译为:如果他仅靠旅游来做生意的话,他早就要关门了。例2ade beeuner, he ore betiul A beenB ght ae beenC might D woud be答案. 因其条件句是省去f的与过去事实相反的假设。例3I you hat T plalst night,yu ouldn be leepy A hav
18、entwathed B idtachadntwchd Douldnt have tche答案C。 因是与过去事实相反的假设。应译为:昨晚你要是不看那个电视剧,你现在也不会这么困倦了。这是混合虚拟句,主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟。例4If it tomrow,we il not g for th picnicA willrain BdraidC rained rains答案D。因其主句是将来时,所以条件句应用一般现在时表示将来。所以要注意的是有些真实条件句并没有虚拟的含意,不要乱用虚拟语态.例5We ha hoped hat we go hme at nce A id BwillC/ D woul
19、d答案D. hhoped 用来表达对过去未能实现的愿望,其宾语从句要用wuld加动词原形。例6wan tsee hrtodaId rtr yu Aidnt B do tC dont D d答案 d rater其后如直接接动词则用动词原形.如加宾语从句则从句中谓语动词要用过去式。例7t s vry le, Itstime we haveleft wlleav C eeftD we leave答案C要注意It is (hih/aout) me 其后可接 fo soin, 如:It is timefor uper. 或 forsomebdy t o soething 也可接从句,但从句中的谓语动词要
20、用过去式,有时也可用should加动词原形,但shoul不可省略.例8he tpewrtteppers arer etIish I tet, but I dont know how an B mayC coud Dwil答案C。因wish在从句中表示与现在相反的虚拟,所以要用wuld或cou。例9I imortanth he thiswork at one o de C d Dil do答案虚拟语气可以用来表示要求、建议、提议、命令、意愿等.在Its 形容词(过去分词)从句的结构中,从句中的谓语动词要用hld加动词原形,其houl在美语中经常省略.这样的形容词有:iptant, necessr
21、y, strnge, atural。这样的过去分词有: emandd,rquested, ggsted,quird, recomnded。例10The teaherodere tha the student herAobeysB obeyd C beigD oey答案 因带有命令要求口气的动词其宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用shoul加动词原形.其ou在美语中则被省略。这样的动词有:as,dvise, demand, esir,insist, or, cmend, rei, uest, uget例11Sh ejected my sggeston thtshe her son the next we
22、ek A mt ll meet C me would eet答案.因同位语从句的谓语动词要用shuld加动词原形。这是因为其前面的名词是由例10中的那些表示愿望、命令、建议的动词转化而来的.例12has th mattr withher?Int kw bt eloks ed lt her boyriend A thtB so that CsD a f答案D。 其意为她看上去好像是失掉了男朋友一样脸色不好看。例1Yu inaly pased the examYes, your he.Iwoud ha not ueeded A bt tt B butfrCf D than t答案B。由but f,
23、 withou, upng 等短语或连接词也可以引出虚拟语态.例4 tda, huld g thereby the wekend A Would he leae Was hleavin C ere he to lev DIf he aves答案. 如果条件句中i被省去,则要用倒装语序。be o在虚拟条件句中应用weeo或 wso取代。例I wisI takthis over i hm when heahee lastnight was blBere bl C hadeen aleD shoul b al答案C.在ish从句中要表达对过去事实的一种不可能实现的愿望时,要用 had 加过去分词。例
24、6Jn appears as tough seth secret AnwB hs knwnCskowgD had known答案D。这是对过去事实的假设,sthough=as i例17Her paleface ugstd t she il, an the teacr wanted o snd her to te doctor be Bsou bewere was答案。因 suge 作建议讲时其宾语从句要用虚拟语气,但是作暗示则不要用虚拟语态.例8iout eletrcty, humnlifequite difrent tody Ai B be Cwill beD wouldbe答案D。由wthut 介词短语引出的虚拟条件句,其主句如表示与现在事实相反,则用should, woul加动词原形.例19ented th he do it aoA wantd B wat to C should wn to D wnt答案如果主句的主语与宾语从句的主语是同一个人时,insist从句中则不宜用虚拟语态。例0Ifit so ad, ed go homeA nt aini Bdoesn rain C erent raing D isnt gnto rin答案C。因is rining的过去时应为ws raning,但在虚拟条件句中最好用wererinin。感谢您的阅览以及下载,关注我,每天更新
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