1、初中形容词及副词用法总结及练习形容词和副词用法总结及练习一、形容词的用法:(一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。【难点】2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid, asleep, awake,alone等。 (二)形容词的种类1. 品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 You have an
2、honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3.-ing 形容词:有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如: 4. ed形容词:它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,如: She looked tired. 5. 合成形容词: warm-hearted 热心的, heart-breaking 令人心碎的(三)形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作: 1)定语: What a fine day! 2)表语: She looks happy. 3
3、)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语): Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗? 4)状语: He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。 1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为: (限定词)一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词(名词)。如: There is a famous fine o
4、ld stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。【重点】2)当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。 Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?二、副词的用法:(一)概念:用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如: not(
5、不),here(这里),now(现在)。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如:Have you read this book before? (副词,作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗?He will arrive before ten oclock. (介词,before ten oclock 是介词短语,作时间状语)他将在10点钟前到达。(二)副词的种类1、时间副词有三类:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词 1)表示发生时间的副词: Its beginning to
6、 rain now! 现在开始下雨了! 2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词: She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词: He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词: 1)有不少表示地点的副词: She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。 2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副
7、词: 用作介词: Stand up! 起立! 用作副词: A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。3)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词: Its the same everywhere. 到处都一样。【重点】3、方式副词1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题): How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪: She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况: He left the town secretl
8、y. 他悄然离开了这座城市。【重点】4、程度副词和强调副词 1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”: Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗? 说明 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b): a. fairly simple 相当简单 quite correct 完全正确 b. wonderfully well 好极了 do it very quickly 干得很快【重点】2)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:a. 修饰形容词等: Im not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。 b. 修饰比较级: You sing much b
9、etter than me. 你比我唱的好多了。 Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。【重点】5. 疑问副词和连接副词1)疑问副词: 疑问副词用来引导特殊问句: how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗? where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人? when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来? why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?2)连接副词: 连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用
10、:how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?where: I dont know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句) when: Tell me when youll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句) why: Thats why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)6. 一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词: Lets go inside. 咱们到里面去。 Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。(三)副词的位置1
11、. 副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如: Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。 I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。 Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面如: These flowers are quite beautiful. (在形容词前) 这些花相当漂亮。 He works very hard. (在副词前)他工作很努力。 但也有例外,如:She is old enough to
12、go to school. (在形容词后)她已到了上学的年龄。3. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如: We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。 He watched TV at home last night. 他昨晚在家看电视。说明 形容词一般修饰名词,副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。一些形容词后加上-ly可以变成副词,如slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully等。【基础练习】(一)用所给词的正确形式填
13、空1. The Greens are _(happy) to live in this _(noise) street. They have decided to move to another place.2. The panda has been _(die) for about two months. 3. I like her dress. It looks very _(beauty).4. Dont feel _(worry) about your child. The whole class would be _(friend) to the new classmate.5. T
14、he _(finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.6. Its _(possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.7. Its a _(please) trip for all of us. 8. The children in China are living a _(color) life.9. It was an _(amaze) match. It amazed us.10.He felt very _(sleep) and fell _(sleep) soon when he lay in bed. 11.We all had a very _(enjoy) time at the party. (二)选择最佳答案 ( )1. These oranges taste_.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well( )2. I cant pay _ as he asked for. A. a as high price B.as a h
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