塑胶材料之苯乙烯共聚物.docx

1、塑胶材料之苯乙烯共聚物塑胶材料之苯乙烯共聚物Mold Temperature25 - 80 C (77 - 176 F). (Mold temperatures control the gloss properties; lower mold temperatures produce lower gloss levels) Resin Injection Pressure500 - 1,000 bar (7,250 - 14,500 psi) Injection SpeedModerate - high Chemical and Physical PropertiesABS is produc

2、ed by a combination of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Each of the monomers impart different properties: hardness, chemical and heat resistance from acrylonitrile; processibility, gloss, and strength from styrene; and toughness and impact resistance from butadiene. Morphologic

3、ally, ABS is an amorphous resin.The polymerization of the three monomers produces a terpolymer which has two phases: a continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and a dispersed phase of polybutadiene rubber. The properties of ABS are affected by the ratios of the monomers and molecular structu

4、re of the two phases. This allows a good deal of flexibility in product design and consequently, there are hundreds of grades available in the market. Commercially available grades offer different characteristics such as medium to high impact, low to high surface gloss, and high heat distortion.ABS

5、offers superior processibility, appearance, low creep and excellent dimensional stability, and high impact strength.Major ManufacturersDow Chemical (Magnum grades), GE Plastics (Cycolac), Bayer (Lustran), BASF (Terluran), Chi Mei (Polylac), LG Chemical (Lupos), Cheil Synthesis. PC/ABS 聚碳酸酯和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯

6、乙烯共聚物和混合物典型应用范畴:运算机和商业机器的壳体、电器设备、草坪和园艺机器、汽车零件外表板、内部装修以及车轮盖。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：干燥处理是必须的。湿度应小于0.04%，建议干燥条件为90110C，24小时。熔化温度： 230300C。 模具温度：50100C。注射压力：取决于塑件。 注射速度：尽可能地高。化学和物理特性:PC/ABS具有PC和ABS两者的综合特性。例如ABS的易加工特性和PC的优良机械特性和热稳固性。二者的比率将阻碍PC/ABS材料的热稳固性。PC/ABS这种混合材料还显示了优异的流淌特性。PC 聚碳酸酯典型应用范畴: 电气和商业设备运算机组件、连接器等，器具食

7、品加工机、电冰箱抽屉等，交通运输行业车辆的前后灯、外表板等。注塑模工艺条件: 干燥处理：PC材料具有吸湿性，加工前的干燥专门重要。建议干燥条件为100C到200C，34小时。加工前的湿度必须小于0.02%。熔化温度：260340C。 模具温度：70120C。注射压力：尽可能地使用高注射压力。注射速度：关于较小的浇口使用低速注射，对其它类型的浇口使用高速注射。化学和物理特性:PC是一种非晶体工程材料，具有专门好的抗冲击强度、热稳固性、光泽度、抑制细菌特性、阻燃特性以及抗污染性。PC的缺口伊估德冲击强度otched Izod impact stregth专门高，同时收缩率专门低，一样为0.1%0.

8、2%。PC有专门好的机械特性，但流淌特性较差，因此这种材料的注塑过程较困难。在选用何种品质的 PC材料时，要以产品的最终期望为基准。假如塑件要求有较高的抗冲击性，那幺就使用低流淌率的PC材料；反之，能够使用高流淌率的PC材料，如此能够优化注塑过程。PC (Polycarbonate)Typical ApplicationsElectronic and business equipment (computer parts, connectors, etc.), appliances (food processors, refrigerator drawers, etc.), transporta

9、tion (head lights, tail lights, instrument panels, etc.).Injection Molding Processing ConditionsDryingPC resins are hygroscopic and pre-drying is important. Recommended drying conditions are 100 - 120 C (212 - 248 F) for 3 to 4 hours. Moisture content must be less than 0.02% prior to processing. Mel

10、t Temperature260 - 340 C (500 - 644 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa Mold Temperature 70 - 120 C (158 - 248 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa Fill PressureAs high as possible for rapid molding Injection SpeedSlow injection speeds when small or edge gates are used;

11、high speeds for other types of gates Chemical and Physical PropertiesPolycarbonate is a polyester of carbonic acid. All general-purpose polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A. The bisphenol A component of the molecule contributes to the high glass transition temperature (150 C / 302 F). The rotatio

12、nal mobility of the carbonyl group within the molecule contributes to the high ductility and toughness of the resin.PC is an amorphous engineering resin with exceptionally good impact strength, heat resistance, clarity, sterilizability, flame retardancy, and stain resistance. The notched Izod impact

13、 strength of PC is very high and mold shrinkage is low and consistent (.1 -.2 mm/mm).High molecular weight PCs (which translate to low melt flow rate) have higher mechanical properties, but processibility of such resins becomes difficult. The type of PC chosen for a particular application should be

14、based on the desired criteria (for high impact properties, use a low-MFR PC; conversely, for optimal processibility, use a high-MFR PC).The melt viscosities are typically Newtonian up to shear rates of 1000 1/s and decrease beyond that. The Heat Deflection Temperature Under Load is typically between

15、 130 -140 C (266 - 284 F) and the Vicat Softening Point is typically around 155 C (311 F). Major ManufacturersDow Chemical (Caliber), GE Plastics (Lexan), Bayer (Apec, Macrolon), DSM (Xantar), LNP (Lurbricomp, Thermocomp), Mitsubushi Engineering Plastics (Novarex), Teijin Chemical (Panlite). PC/PBT

16、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的混合物 典型应用范畴:齿轮箱、汽车保险杠以及要求具有抗化学反应和耐腐蚀性、热稳固性、抗冲击性以及几何稳固性的产品。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：建议110135C,约4小时的干燥处理。熔化温度：235300C。 模具温度：3793C。化学和物理特性:PC/PBT具有PC和PBT二者的综合特性，例如PC的高韧性和几何稳固性以及PBT的化学稳固性、热稳固性和润滑特性等。PA12 聚酰胺12或尼龙12 典型应用范畴: 水量表和其它商业设备，电缆套，机械凸轮，滑动机构以及轴承等。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：加工之前应保证湿度在0.1%以下。假如材料是暴露在空气中储存，建议要在

17、85C热空气中干燥45小时。假如材料是在密闭容器中储存，那幺通过3小时温度平稳即可直截了当使用熔化温度：240300C；关于一般特性材料不要超过310C，关于有阻燃特性材料不要超过270C。模具温度：关于未增强型材料为3040C，关于薄壁或大面积组件为8090C，关于增强型材料为90100C。增加温度将增加材料的结晶度。精确地操纵模具温度对PA12来说是专门重要的。注射压力：最大可到1000bar建议使用低保压压力和高熔化温度。注射速度：高速关于有玻璃添加剂的材料更好些。流道和浇口:关于未加添加剂的材料，由于材料粘性较低，流道直径应在30mm左右。关于增强型材料要求58mm的大流道直径。流道形

18、状应当全部为圆形。注入口应尽可能的短。能够使用多种形式的浇口。大型塑件不要使用小浇口，这是为了幸免对塑件过高的压力或过大的收缩率。浇口厚度最好和塑件厚度相等。假如使用潜入式浇口，建议最小的直径为0.8mm。热流道模具专门有效，然而要求温度操纵专门精确以防止材料在喷嘴处渗漏或凝固。假如使用热流道，浇口尺寸应当比冷流道要小一些。化学和物理特性:PA12是从丁二烯线性，半结晶-结晶热塑性材料。它的特性和PA11相似，但晶体结构不同。PA12是专门好的电气绝缘体同时和其它聚酰胺一样可不能因潮湿阻碍绝缘性能。它有专门好的抗冲击性机化学稳固性。PA12有许多在塑化特性和增强特性方面的改良品种。和PA6及P

19、A66相比，这些材料有较低的熔点和密度，具有专门高的回潮率。PA12对强氧化性酸无抗击能力。PA12的粘性要紧取决于湿度、温度和储藏时刻。它的流淌性专门好。收缩率在0.5%到2%之间，这要紧取决于材料品种、壁厚及其它工艺条件。PA 12 (Polyamide 12 or Nylon 12)Typical ApplicationsGear wheels for water meters and business machines, cable ties, cams, slides, and bearings.Injection Molding Processing ConditionsDryin

20、gThe moisture content must be below 0.1% prior to processing. If the material is exposed to air, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) for 4 -5 hours is recommended (3-4 hours in a desiccant dryer). If the container is unopened, it may be used directly for molding after 3 hours of equilibration t

21、o shop floor temperature. Melt Temperature 230 - 300 C (446 - 580 F); Not to exceed 310 C (590 F) for standard grades and 270 C (518 F) for flame retardant grades Mold Temperature 30 - 40C (86 - 104 F) for unreinforced grades; for thin walled or large surface area components, 80 -90 C (176 - 194 F)

22、may be used; 90 - 100 C (194 - 212 F) for reinforced grades. Increasing the mold temperature increases the crystallinity level. It is very important to precisely control the mold temperature. Resin Injection PressureUp to 1,000 bar (14, 500 psi) Low hold pressures and high melt temperatures are reco

23、mmended. Injection SpeedHigh (high speeds give better finish on glass-filled grades) Runners and GatesRunner diameters for unfilled grades may be as small as 3 - 5 mm because of the materials low viscosity. Reinforced grades require larger diameters (5 - 8 mm). The runner shape should be the full ro

24、und type. Sprues should be as short as possible.A variety of gates may be used. Small gates for large parts should be not be used, in order to avoid highly stressed components or excessive shrinkage. The thickness of the gate should preferably be equal to the part thickness. When using submarine gat

25、es, the minimum recommended diameter is 0.8 mm.Hot runner molds may be used effectively but precise temperature control is necessary to prevent material drooling or freezing off at the nozzle. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates may be smaller than in the case of cold runners. Chemical

26、and Physical PropertiesPA 12 is a linear, semicrystalline-crystalline thermoplastic derived from butadiene. It has properties similar to PA 11 but its crystal structure is different. PA 12 is a good electrical insulator and its properties are not as sensitive to humidity as other polyamides. It has

27、good resistance to shock and resistant to many chemicals. It is extensively modified with plasticisers and reinforcements. In comparison to PA 6 and PA 66, these materials have a lower melting point, density, and much lower moisture regain. It is not resistant to strong oxidizing acids.Viscosity is

28、determined by water content, temperature, and residence time. This material flows easily. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.005 - 0.02 mm/mm (0.5 - 2%). This is dependent on the specific grade, wall thickness, and processing conditions.Major ManufacturersHuls (Vestamid), Elf Atochem (A). PA6 聚酰胺6或尼龙6 典

29、型应用范畴:由于有专门好的机械强度和刚度被广泛用于结构部件。由于有专门好的耐磨损特性，还用于制造轴承。注塑模工艺条件:干燥处理：由于PA6专门容易吸取水分，因此加工前的干燥专门要注意。假如材料是用防水材料包装供应的，那么容器应保持密闭。假如湿度大于0.2%，建议在80C以上的热空气中干燥16小时。假如材料差不多在空气中暴露超过8小时，建议进行105C，8小时以上的真空烘干。熔化温度：230280C，关于增强品种为250280C。模具温度：8090C。模具温度专门显着地阻碍结晶度，而结晶度又阻碍着塑件的机械特性。关于结构部件来说结晶度专门重要，因此建议模具温度为8090C。关于薄壁的，流程较长的

30、塑件也建议施用较高的模具温度。增大模具温度能够提高塑件的强度和刚度，但却降低了韧性。假如壁厚大于3mm，建议使用2040C的低温模具。关于玻璃增强材料模具温度应大于80C。注射压力：一样在7501250bar之间取决于材料和产品设计。注射速度：高速对增强型材料要略微降低。流道和浇口:由于PA6的凝固时刻专门短，因此浇口的位置专门重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t那个地点t为塑件厚度。假如使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，因为热流道能 够关心阻止材料过早凝固。假如用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径应当是0.75mm。化学和物理特性:PA6的化学物理特性和PA66专门相似，然而，它的熔点较低，而

31、且工艺温度范畴专门宽。它的抗冲击性和抗溶解性比PA66要好,但吸湿性也更强。因为塑件的许多品质特性都要受到吸湿性的阻碍，因此使用PA6设计产品时要充分考虑到这一点。为了提高PA6的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃确实是最常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。关于没有添加剂的产品，PA6的收缩率在1%到1.5%之间。加入玻璃纤维添加剂能够使收缩率降低到0.3%但和流程相垂直的方向还要稍高一些。PA 6 (Polyamide 6, or Nylon 6, or Polycaprolactam)ApplicationsUsed in many structu

32、ral applications because of its good mechanical strength and rigidity. It is used in bearings because of its good wear resistance.Injection Molding processing conditionsDrying Since PA 6 absorbs moisture readily, care should be taken to ensure its dryness prior to molding. If the material is supplied in watertight packaging, the containers should be kept closed. If the moisture content is