1、考研英语词汇基础考研英语词汇基础核心词汇突破词汇是语言的基本元素,词汇量小就读不懂阅读,写不出文章。因此,背单词是学英语关键的一步。考研英语难,其中词汇更是一道难关,虽然考试中不考词汇题,但是从阅读、翻译、写作等多方面都考到了对词汇的灵活掌握和具体运用,也就是说,只有真正掌握理解了才能考出好成绩。鉴于广大考生以前参加过四、六级,大都具备了一定的语法和词汇知识,所以,在这里将着重讲述考研英语测试中将要运用到的词汇难点与重点。第一节 名词的理解与运用一英语中的名词在句子中的作用如下:名词在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补、同位语等。 Prices range from $ 6 to $ 19
2、 for a dozen short or long roses. Nothing says love like a dozen long-stemmed roses on Valentines Day. Its going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style. This is a private firm that studies the flower industry. The modern white furniture and wall-to-wall mirrors give t
3、he store an expensive look. We consider it a good opportunity to study abroad. Some women are normally inactive but then all of a sudden start a program of intense training, an action which violates the laws of sports science.二常用的后缀表示“人”意义的名词后缀-Ant- immigrant(移民) applicant(申请人) assistant(助手)descenda
4、nt(后代) pollutant(污染物) inhabitant(居民)-An ian-人Arabian(阿拉伯人) Asian(亚洲人) Australian(澳大利亚人)Italian(意大利人) musician(音乐家) librarian(图书管理员)physician(内科医生) politician(政治家) technician(技术工)historian(历史学家) magician(魔术师) comedian(喜剧家)-Ee-人(被动)employee(雇员) refugee(难民) payee(收款人)absentee(缺席者) examinee(考生) trainee(
5、受训者)-Er/-eer/-or 人 Daughter/owner, lawyer, trainer(教练) barber(理发师)butcher(屠户) carrier(运输者) /ancestor(祖先)bachelor(单身汉) conductor(指挥者) director(主任)senator(议员) operator(操作者) sponsor(赞助者)worshipper(崇拜者) mountaineer(登山人) profiteer(投机倒把者)sightseers(观光者) volunteer(志愿者) pioneer(先驱)-Ent 人 correspondent(记者) c
6、lient(客户) parent, resident(居民)patient(病人) agent(代理人,中介) patent(专利)-ist 人,主义者 Scientist linguist(语言学家) therapist(治疗家)controversialist(好争论者) activist(活动家) novelist(小说家)nationalist(民族主义者) physicist(物理学家) psychologist(心理学家)tourist(游客) geneticist(基因学家) motorist(汽车司机)表示“关系、特征”等意义的名词后缀-ship 状态,性质 friendshi
7、p(友谊) hardship(困境) leadership(领导身份)membership(会员资格) ownership(所有关系) relationship(关系)scholarship(学者身份) comradeship(同志身份) professorship(教授身份)-hood 身份,性质,时代 childhood(儿童时代) neighborhood(邻里) likelihood(可能性)livelihood(生计) boyhood(男孩时代) -ance / -ence 性质,状态 acceptance acquaintance(熟识) advance(进步)allowance(
8、补贴) appearance(出现,外表) appliance(器具)conscience(良知) resistance(阻挡) insurance(保险)nuisance(讨厌) performance(表现) resemblance(相似性)-cion -sion tion 动作,状态 consumption(消费) assimilation(吸收、同化) comprehension(理解)depression(沮丧,萧条) desperation(绝望) invention(发明)invasion(侵略) modernization(现代化) permission(容许)possessi
9、on(拥有) suspicion(怀疑) tension(紧张) transmission(输送,传递) industrialization(工业化) notification(通知)-ism- 主义Americanism(美国主义)heroism(英雄主义) consumerism-mania- 反常行为或狂热 soccer mania=soccer-mad-holic-痴迷者,疯狂者 workaholic(工作狂)-ment 运动 agreement(协议) appointment(约定,任命) argument(观点)arrangement(安排) monument(纪念碑) movem
10、ent(运动) parliament(议会) payment(支付) replacement(替换)requirement(要求) settlement(解决) treatment(治疗,待遇)-ness 性质, 状态 casualness(随意) illness(疾病) carelessness(粗心)sleeplessness(失眠) awareness(意识) richness(富裕)friendliness(友好) greatness(伟大) happiness-cide suicide(自杀) insecticide(杀虫剂) pesticide(杀虫剂)-cy- literacy(
11、识字) accuracy(准确性) tendency(倾向)policy(政策) emergency(紧急情况) intimacy(亲密)efficiency(效率) sufficiency(足够) dependency(依赖)-Ery- fishery(渔业) machinery(机械) misery(痛苦)mystery(神秘性) discovery(发现) delivery(送,发表演说)。-ry- poetry(诗歌) citizenry(公民) entry(加入,进入)-age 状态,集合 表示行为、状态 voyage(航海) advantage(好处) baggage(行李)cou
12、rage(勇气) garbage(垃圾) storage(储存)luggage(行李) beverage(饮料) damage(破坏,损害)-al -approval(赞成、批准) arrival(到达) interval(间隔)removal(搬,移走)-ing-行动,行业,的 being(生命体) beginning(开始) ending(结束)。-ity- uniformity(统一, 一致) curiosity(好奇性) personality(个性)reality(现实) publicity(宣传) similarity(个性)-ics /-ology 学科 psychology(心
13、理学) technology(技术) ideology(思想体系)anthropology(人类学) geology(地质学) physics(物理学)-th-结果,过程 warmth(温暖) truth(真理,真实性) width(宽度)-ty - liberty(自由) specialty(专长,特长) anxiety(焦虑)advisability(可行性) unpredictability(不可预测性) -phobia- 对过度恐惧 claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症)英语中有少数名词的单、复数形式在词义方面相当不同或绝对不同。例如:Last night, I had words
14、 with Mr. Bob, the group leader, for a long time. We had very good words. In shorts, I was touched by his confidences and I was very satisfied with the last words said by Mr. Bob about the possibility of our project. 类似的词还有:affairs(事物,事情), airs(气氛), arms(武器), ages(很长一段时间), authorities(当局,政府), brains
15、(智力), clothes, celebrities( 名人), customs(海关), drinks( 饮料), experiences(经历), goods, greens(绿叶,植物), grounds(理由), lessons(教训), manners(礼貌,规矩,风格), means(方法,手段), minutes(会议记录), news, pains(努力,辛苦), peoples(种族,民族), papers(报纸、考卷、论文、文件), quarters(住所,住处), sands(沙滩), spirits(情绪), sights(景观), times, terms(条件、术语), wo
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