语法doc.docx

1、语法doc一、名词复数构成规则：1 一般词尾加-s ：bookbooks , bagbags2 以s,x,ch ,sh 结尾加-es ：busbuses , boxboxes , watchwatches , brushbrushes ,以o结尾，有命o加-es ,无命o加-s如：tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes ; photophotos,radioradios3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，改y为i，再加-es：familyfamilies4 以“f/fe”结尾，改f/fe为v，再加-es：knifeknives ,wolfwolves5 不规则的特殊记：manmen

2、, womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet , toothteeth, fishfish, sheepsheep, peoplepeople, ChineseChinese， mousemice二、动词现在分词（-ing）的构成规则：1现在分词很好记，一般后加-ing：dodoing, walkwalking2词尾若有哑音e，去e再加没问题：havehaving ,writewriting3一辅重读闭音节，最后字母要双写：runrunning ,swimswimming ,skipskipping ,shopshopping ,sitsitting, getge

3、tting三、动词过去式的构成规则：规则动词加-ed，不规则动词特殊记1一般词尾加-ed ：workworked , playplayed2以e结尾只加-d ：livelived , dancedanced3辅y结尾改i加-ed ：studystudied , worryworried4双写最后字母加-ed：stopstopped , dropdropped不规则动词过去式变化表原形过去式意思原形过去式意思be(am,is,are)was, were是learnlearned,learnt学习becomebecame成为loselost丢失buybought买makemade制造cancoul

4、d能meetmet遇见comecame来putput放do, doesdid做readread读drawdrew画riderode骑，乘drinkdrank喝ringrang响，鸣drivedrove驾驶runran跑eatate吃saysaid说findfound发现seesaw看见flyflew飞sendsent寄getgot得到singsang唱歌givegave给sitsat坐gowent走speakspoke说have, hashad有buildbuilt建造hearheard听standstood站立knowknew知道swimswam游泳bring brought带来take;t

5、ook带走lendlent借teachtaught教telltold告诉wearwore穿thinkthought思考willwould将winwon获胜writewrote写四、动词第三人称单数形式的构成规则：（ 特殊的是havehas ）1 一般词尾加-s ：playplays ,riderides2 以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的词加-es ：teachteaches ,washwashes ,gogoes3 以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i ，再加-es ：studystudies ,carrycarries五、形容词比较级的构成规则：1、一般词尾加-er，如：talltaller

6、, longlonger 2、以e结尾只加-r,如：finefiner, latelater3、辅y结尾改y为i，再加-er ：如funnyfunnier, busybusier4、双写再加-er, 如：bigbigger ,fatfatter ,thinthinner ,hothotter表示两者进行比较，一者比另一者更.时,要用比较级,其句子结构是：对象A+ be ( am , is , are ) + 形容词的比较级 + than + 对象B ，如：I m fatter than you . Line A is longer than Line B .如两者一样，则用the same a

7、s 如：Circle 1 is the same as Circle 2 .一、缩略形式和完整形式： thats = that is whats = what is cant = can not wheres = where is its = it is isnt = is not hes = he is shes = she is dont = do not Ive=I haveIm = I am youre = you are will not = wonttheyre = they arelets = let usdoesnt = does not Ill = I will wasnt

8、= was not werent = were not 代词的种类和用法：人称代词有主格和宾格之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。如：He is a pupil . He goes to school by bus . (代词作主语用主格)They often help me , please look at me . (代词作宾语用宾格)物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，形容词性物主代词后必须接名词，名词性物主代词后不能接名词。如：This is my book. His book is on that desk .This book is mine . His is on th

9、at desk .指示代词有this，that，these，those等。This ,these 指较近的人或物，that ,those 指较远的人或物。 单 数复 数主 格Iyouhesheitwetheyyou宾 格meyouhimheritusthemyou形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsourtheiryour名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirsyours小学英语四种时态总结一、 一般现在时。主要描述经常会发生的动作、状态或不变的真理。句末常出现every day/week/year/Monday , in the morning, 句

10、中常有always, usually, often, sometimes ，never 组成：（一）1、肯定句 ：主语+be ( am , is , are ) +名词（形容词） I am a student. He is tall. They are dogs .2、否定句：在be 后加not I am not a student. He is not tall. They are not dogs .3、疑问句：be 动词提前到第一位。 Are you a student? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Is he tall? Yes, he is. / No, he

11、isnt. Are they dogs? Yes, they are./ No, they arent. (我用am 你用are ，is跟着他她它，复数人称全用are )（二）1、主语+动词+其他 + （地点+时间） We go to school by bike every day. He goes to the park on Sunday .2、否定句：主语+dont/doesntt+动词原形+其他 We dont go to school by bike every day . He doesnt go to the park on Sunday.3、一般疑问句： Do/Does +主

12、语+动词原形+其他 + ？ Do you go to school by bike every day？ Yes, we do./ No, we dont.Does he go to the park on Sunday? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句What time do you get up ? How does he go to school every day ? 二、 现在进行时：主要叙述现在正在进行的动作。句末常出现now, 句首常出现look, listen组成：1、肯定句：主语+be ( am , is

13、, are ) +动词ing形式I am reading English. They are swimming. He is playing football.2、否定句：在be后加notI am not reading English. They are not swimming. He is not playing football.3、一般疑问句：将be 放到第一位。Are you reading English? Yes, I am./ No, Im not.Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Is he playing

14、 football? Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句What are you doing ? Who is he waiting for ?三、一般将来时。 主要描述将来要发生的事情。句末常出现next Monday/week/ year, tomorrow组成：A . 1、肯定句：主语+be going to +动词原形 I am going to visit Ann. They are going to draw a dog. She is going to ride a horse.2、否定句：在be后加not I am n

15、ot going to visit Ann. They are not going to draw a dog. She is not going to ride a horse.3、一般疑问句：将be提前来源：( - 小学英语四种时态总结_郭丽莎_新 Are you going to visit Ann? Yes, I am. / No, I m not. Are they going to draw a dog? Yes, they are./ No, they arent. Is she going to ride a horse? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt

16、。4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow ?B .组成：1、肯定句：主语+will+动词原形,或缩写为ll I will go to the library. They will clean the house. She will eat breakfast at home.2、否定句：在will 后加not 或将will not 写为wont I will not go to the library. They will not clean the house. She will not eat breakfast at

17、home.3、一般疑问句：将will 提前 Will you go to the library? Yes, I will./ No, I wont. Will they clean the house? Yes, they will. / No, they wont. Will she eat breakfast at home? Yes, she will. /No, she wont.4特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句When will you go to London ?四、一般过去时：主要描述过去发生的动作或状态. 句末常出现last night/week/Monday/yea

18、r, yesterday, ago组成：（一）1、肯定句 ：主语+动词过去式+其他 I was a pilot. They were busy. He went to the market.2、否定句：主语+ wasnt / werent +其他主语+ didnt+动词原形+其他I was not a pilot. They were not busy.He didnt go to the market.3、一般疑问句：Was / Were +主语+其他 ？ Did +主语+动词原形+其他 ？ Were you a pilot? Yes, I was./ No, I wasnt. Were t

19、hey busy? Yes, they were./ No, they werent. Did they go to the market? Yes, they did. / No, they didnt.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句Where were you yesterday ? When did you come back last Sunday ?五、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议等语气的句子，以动词原形开头。肯定式：1、Lets go home . 2、 Sit down , please !否定式:：1、Lets not go home . 2、 Dont sit d

20、own ,please !六、感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。结构：How+形容词或副词+其他！ What+ ( a/an）+形容词+名词！What a nice girl ! What an interesting book ! What clever boys ! How tall he is ! How fast he runs ! 基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, six

21、teen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one ,thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety ,one hundredThere be句型: 1. 定义：表示某处或某时存在某物或某人。2. 结构：(1) There is /was +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语.(2) There are/were +复数名词+地点/时间状语.There be句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与

22、跟它最近的那个名词一致。1 There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There is a pen and many books on the desk. There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 3.There be句型与have的区别：(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 eg.He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。I have a book . 我有一本书。The

23、re are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be句型与其可互换。 A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.变脸一：否定句There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any

24、pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.There is a bike under the tree. There isnt a bike under the tree. =There is no bike under the tree.变脸二：一般疑问句There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为调整法。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。 There is some water in the glass. Is there any wat

25、er in the glass ?There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water?变脸三：特殊疑问句There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：1. 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用Whos+介词短语?；当主语是物时，用Whats + 介词短语?。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：There are many things over there. Whats over there?There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?2 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？How many books are there on the desk?How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？How much milk is there in the bottle?