True or false判断题讲解.docx

1、True or false判断题讲解一True or false判断题:1Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of a particular language. ( )2Language is arbitrary by nature but it is not completely arbitrary. ( )3It is generally believed that modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, diachronic, and emphatic on writing. (

2、 )4Animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species, while human beings don not have this genetic basis. ( )5Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc. because the communicative signals of animals don not have the propert

3、y of displacement. ( )6We can use the word “word” to talk about a word, we can talk about “talk”, we can think about “thinking”, this shows that language has a metalingual function. ( )7When someone breaks a bowl or a plate on a special occasion in China the people present are likely to say “sui sui

4、 pingan” (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the magic forces which the believers feel it might affect their lives. This shows that language has an interpersonal function. ( )8Language is the instrument of thought, record of facts, and people often feel need to speak their thoug

5、hts aloud. This indicates that language has an expressive function. ( )9A babys babbling, widespread use of verbal dueling, poetry writing as well as self-singing all show that language can be used to amuse the speakers. ( )10The dichotomy “etic” and “emic” is by nature in a contrast of being concre

6、te and abstract, and can be generalized into a wider use of linguistic research in a complementary way in terms of methodology. ( )1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.T1. Phonetics studies the phonic medium of a particular language. ( )2. Phonology aims to discover how speech sounds of all human

7、languages form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. ( )3. In English, pill and bill form a minimal pair, and so do life and knife, pin and ping. ( )4. The English liquids are w and j, while the English glides are l and r. ( )5. The English vowel u: ca

8、n be describe as central, close, rounded, and long, and u central, close, rounded, and short. ( )6. The phoneme /t/ and /d/ can occur in the same position and they distinguish meaning, therefore they are said to be in complementary distribution. ( )7. The distinctive features in English can apply to

9、 the other languages, too. For instance, voicing distinguishes meaning in both English and Chinese. ( )8. In English, nasalization of a sound is not a phonological feature, for instance, kAn and kAn, that is to say, it can not tell one word from another. ( )9. In Chinese, the assimilation rule also

10、works as in the words “奔”and “宾”. ( )10. In a standardized English syllable, the onset, the nucleus and the coda, all the three parts are compulsory. ( )1.F2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.F8.T9.T10.F1. A morpheme must convey a lexical meaning. ( )2. All words can be said to contain a root morpheme. ( )3. Free morp

11、hemes can be further classified into inflectional and derivational morphemes. ( )4. Morphological rules consist of word-formation rules and adjustment rules. ( )5. All words have morphs but not necessarily allomorphs. ( )6. The word “modernizations” is made up of three morphemes. ( )7. Derivational

12、morphemes never change the class of the words to which they are attached. ( )8. Inflections manifest various grammatical relations and lexical relations, such as number, tense, aspect, person and case, etc.9. The morphological rules can be generalized in spite of some exceptions. ( )10. It is hard t

13、o believe that there is an interface between phonology and morphology. ( )1. F2. T3. F4. T5. T6. F7. F8. F9. T10. F1. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or an infinite verb phrase is grammatically called a clause. ( )2. Grammatical sentences are formed by following a set of unli

14、mited syntactic rules. （ ）3. The syntactic rules of a language are finite in number, yet there is no limit to the number of sentences which can be produced. ( )4. Constituents which can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category. ( )5. Language i

15、s both linearly and hierarchically structured according to the structuralist language view. ( )6. Phrase structure rules provide explanations on how syntactic categories are formed and sentences generated. ( )7. Wh-movement is always obligatory in language when it is intended to change from an affir

16、mative to an interrogative. ( )8. X-bar theory is a typical instance of principle in terms of Chomskys UG. 9. UG is a system of linguistic knowledge and a human species-specific gift which exists in the mind of a normal human being. ( )10. Information theory also plays a role in the Systemic-Functio

17、nal Grammar ( )1.F2.F 3.T4.F5.T6.T 7.F8.T9.T10.T1. In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol is directly related to the referent. ( )2. Stylistic synonyms differ in style because they come from different regions. ( )3. Homographs are words which are pronounced alike. ( )4. The superordinate term

18、is more inclusive in meaning than its hyponyms. ( )5. In a pair of complementary antonyms, there exist some intermediate forms between the two extremes. ( )6. Antonyms contrast each other only on a single dimension, such as “hot” vs. “cold”. ( )7. All the grammatically well-formed sentences are not

19、necessarily semantically well-formed. ( )8. One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning. ( )9. A predicate is something said about an argument. ( )10. The pursuit of both proposition l

20、ogic and predicate logic is truth value. ( )1.F2.F3.F4.T5.F6.F7.T8.T9.T10.T 二。填空 1.Language is a system of _ _ symbols used for human communication.2.Linguistics is generally defined as the _ study of _.3.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be

21、 _; if it aims to lay down rules for “correct” behavior, it is said to be _.4.In modern linguistics, _ study seems to enjoy priority over _ study. The reason is that successful studies of various states of a language would be the foundations of a historical study.5.Langue refers to the _ linguistic

22、system shared by all the members of a speech community; and parole refers to the _ of langue in actual use.6.Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users_ of the rules of his language, and performance, the actual _ of this knowledge in linguistic communication.7.“A rose by any other name would smel

23、l as sweet”. This famous quotation from Shakespeare illustrates that language has the design feature of _.8.The property of _ of language provides a speaker with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.9.Language is a system, whi

24、ch consists of two sets of structures, one of_, and the other of_. This double articulation of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge.10An English speaker and a Chinese speaker are both able to use language, but they are not mutually intelligible, which shows that l

25、anguage is culturally _.1. arbitrary, vocal2. scientific, language3. descriptive, prescriptive4. synchronic, diachronic5. abstract, realization6. knowledge, realization7. arbitrariness8. displacement9. sounds, words10. transmittedThe study of sounds is divided into three main branches:_ _ and _ phon

26、etics, each dealing with one part of the process of speech production and perception.2. The articulatory apparatus of a human being are embedded in three important cavities. These three cavities are _ _ and _.cavity3. The difference between a consonant and a vowel lies in whether there is air _in th

27、e production of them.4. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called _, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants. When the vocal cords do cause vibration, the sounds produced are _; otherwise they are named _ sounds5. Two ways to transcribe speech sounds are

28、available, broad transcription and narrow transcription. The major difference between them is with or without_.6. When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point, the speech sound thus produced is a_.7. T

29、he basic unit of phonology is a phoneme. It is an abstract collection of _ _.8. When phonemic contrast is mentioned we realize that the two sounds belong to _phoneme(s), when complementary distribution is discussed, the allophones come from _phoneme(s); and finally when free variation is talked abou

30、t, we understand that the sounds are derived from _ phoneme(s).9. In English, complementary distribution of allophones is required to meet two conditions, one condition is that they never occur in the_ _; the other is that they should share _ _.10. In English, the study of phonology has so far mainl

31、y found three phonological rules. They are _ _ and_ rule.1.articulatory,auditory,acoustic2.pharyngeal,oral,nasal3.obstruction4.voicing,voiced,voiceless5.diacritics6.fricative7.distinctive,features8.two,one,one9.same position,phonetic,similarity10.sequential,assimilation,deletion1. Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the _ _ of words and the _ by which words are formed.2. Morphology can be subdivided into two branches:_ morphology and _or _morphology.3. The phonological and orthographical realizations of a morpheme are termed _.4. -t、-d、