考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题精品.docx

1、考研全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题精品2015 年全国硕士研究生入一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)We have more genes in common with people we pick to be our friends than with strangers.Though not biol

2、ogically related, friends are as related as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a from the University of California and Yale University in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of

3、 unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5.While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, Most people do not even 7their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select a

4、s friends the people who 8 our kin.The team 9 developed a friendship score which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.The study also found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to

5、explain, for now. 10, as the team suggests, it draws us 11similar environments but there is more to it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 functional kinship of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was t

6、hat the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate peoples 18to befriend those of similar et 19 backgrounds, say th

7、e researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.1.A what B why C how D when2.A defended B conc

8、luded C withdrawn D advised 3.A for B with C by D on4.A separated B sought C compared D connected 5.A tests B objects C samples D examples6.A insignificant B unexpected C unreliable D incredi ble 7.A visit B missC know D seek8.A surpass B influence C favor D resemble 9.A again B also C instead D thu

9、s10.A Meanwhile B Furthermore C LikewiseD Perhaps 11.A about B to C from D like12.A limit B observe C confuse D drive13.Aaccording to B ratherthan C regardlessof D alongwith 14.A chances B responses C benefits D missions15.A faster B slower C later D earlier16.A forecast B remember C express D under

10、stand17.A unpredictable B contributory C controllable D disruptive 18.A tendency B decision C arrangement D endeavor19.A political B religious C ethnic D economic 20.A see B show C prove D tellSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below ea

11、ch text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1King JuanCarlos of Spain once insited” kings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recenet Euro-elections have forced him to eat his wo

12、rds and stand down. So does the Spanish crisis suggestthat monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, withtheir magnificent uniforms andmajestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion

13、 is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above” mere”politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.Itis this apparenttranscendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, E

14、urope is the mostmonarch- infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterpartsin the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult searchfor a non-controversial but respecte

15、d public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are war

16、ming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have da

17、y-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses(or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,

18、it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style.The danger will come with Charles. Who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical vie

19、w of theworld. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service- as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21.According

20、to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainA used to enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royals C eased his relationship with his rivalsD ended his reign in embarrassment22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostlyA owing to their undoubted and respectable s

21、tatus B to achieve a balance between tradition and reality C to give voters more public figures to look up to D due to their everlasting political embodiment23.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth B The role of the n

22、obility in modern democraciesC The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families D The nobilitys adherence to their privileges24.The British royals ”have most of fear” because CharlesA takes a tough line on political issues B fails to change his lifestyle as advised C takes republicans as his potent

23、ial allies D fails to adapt himself to his future role25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne C Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsD Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats.Text2JUST HOW much

24、 does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court is only just coming to grips with that question. On Tuesday, contents of a mobile phonewithout a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, par

25、ticularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the effects of suspects at the time of their arrest. Even if the justices are tempted, the state argues, it is hard for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be reckl

26、essly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphon

27、e a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to, say, rifling through a suspects purse. The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering his

28、 or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, means that police officers could conceivably access even more information with a few swipes on a

29、 touchscreen.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitutions prohibition on unre

30、asonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesnt ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still trump Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, exi

31、gent circumstances, such as the threat of immediate harm, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more leeway.But the jus

32、tices should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor who blogs on The Posts Volokh Conspiracy, the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as