1、Act8连词连词连词的概念: 连词是一种虚词,不能担任一个句子成分。连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 一、 并列连词:并列连词的分类: 表示意思转折的连词 But, yet, however 表示因果关系的连词 For, so, therefore,because其他并列连词 And, or, eitheror, neithernor not only also, bothand, as well as 并列连词的用法: 1、 and和or: and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词and “和”的意思可连接两个分句,表示并列和承接,基本等
2、于“还有”、“然后”。 Stop talking and move on 不要光说话,继续做or可连接分句,表示“否则”: Never put all of you,or you will easily get hurt.不要付出你的全部,不然你会很容易受伤2、but, yet: however,stillbut和yet表示意思转折的连词用法: The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。 It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪,却是真的。 however, still 等为副词,但可起连接作用,表示意思的转折-“但是”或“然而
3、”。 a. however: His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他的第一反应是不行,但后来他改变了主意。 b. still: Its raining; still Id like to go. 天在下雨,但我还是要去。 词组all the same(依然,还是一样): She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes. 她很调皮,但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。3、表示因果的连词: for可以表示“因为”,但引导的不是从句
4、,而是并列分句,对前面情况加以解释,常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开,这在书面语中比较多见。 The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短,因为现在已经是十二月。 She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast. 她肯定一早出去了,因为她没来吃早饭。 so 表示结果,可译为“因此”、“所以”。 Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我们的箱子很重,因此我们坐了出租车 therefore 为副词,也表示同样的意思-“因此
5、”,可放句前: He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了,于是她把钱给了我。 4、both. and 的用法 A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 灰常重要的5、就近原则: 1)neithernor Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member. 2)not onlybut also Not only you but also he likes football. 3)eitheror Either Jim o
6、r Peter is right. 4)notbut Not Jim but Peter broke the cup. 6、as well并列“也”as well as和一样好的意思,: I spend sometime on learning English as well我也在学英语上花了时间She does well in learning English as well as I do她学英语和我一样的好【一大波练习】 (一)根据句意选用and, but, or, so, while, for填空。 1. The ground is wet, _ it rained last nigh
7、t. 2. Its a fine day today, _ everyone is busy. 3. This is our first lesson, _ I dont know all your names. 4. Take an umbrella with you, _ youll get wet. 5. Do you understand what I said _ do you want me to explain it again? 6. We have classes in the morning, _ we dont have classes in the afternoon.
8、 7. She is a doctor _ I am a teacher. 8. Use your head, _ youll find a way. 9. They went to the zoo yesterday, _ they didnt see any animals. 10. I must go now, _ its getting dark. 11. Be careful, _ you will fall off the tree. 12.Excuse me. Do you have a table for two? Im sorry, _ there arent any sea
9、ts now. Would you mind waiting for a while?13. Never give up, _ youll make it. 14. She was very thirsty, _ she drank some water from the river. 15. You must work hard, _ youll fall behind. 16. The dress was very expensive, _ I didnt buy it. 17. My uncle doesnt have much money,_ he always enjoys hims
10、elf. 18.Would you like to come to dinner tonight? Id like to, _ Im busy. (二)选择最佳答案: ( ) 1 My aunt asks whether I like a woolen sweater _ a cotton one. A. but B. or C. and D. not ( ) 2 Either Mary _ Lucy told him to come to see us. A. or B. and C. with D. nor ( ) 3 Hurry up, _ well be late for the fi
11、lm. A. and B. but C. so D. or ( ) 4 Be quick, _ well be late. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 5 We ran to the trees, _ we couldnt see any more monkeys. A. but B. so C. and D. for ( ) 6 _ Li Ping _ Wu Fang _ League members. A. Neither; nor; are B. Either; nor; is C. Both; and; are D. Neither; or; is (
12、) 7 You can _ stay at home _ go out to play. A. either; or B. so; that C. neither; and D. both; and ( ) 8 _ Wei Hua _ Ann_ very busy. A. Both; and; is B. So; and; is C. Either; or; is D. So; that; are ( ) 9 _ Monday_ Tuesday is OK, I will be free then. A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. So; that D. Bo
13、th; and ( ) 10 _ my brother_ sister are doctors. A. Not; but B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or ( ) 11 The teacher, as well as his students_ football. A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play ( ) 12 The doctor, along with these nurses_ sent to the country. A. are B. were C. have D. was ( ) 13 My si
14、ster, together with her classmates_ interested in the new book. A. are B. were C. is D. have ( ) 14 _ she _ I knows his telephone number, because it has been changed. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor ( ) 15 _ Jack _ Tom watched TV yesterday evening because they were b
15、usy with their lessons. A. Both; and B. Not only; but also C. Not; but D. Neither; nor ( ) 16 You may sit_ this end_ that end of the boat.A. neither; nor B. both; and C. either; or D. between; and ( ) 17 None of the shoes are the right size. They are _ too big _ too small. A. or; or B. either; or C.
16、 neither; nor D. both; and ( ) 18 When Lily was three, she could_ read_ write. A. not; but B. not; and C. neither; nor D. either; or ( ) 19 We should learn_ from books._ from workers and farmers. A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. as; as ( ) 20 We went_ to the cinema, _ to the park. A. di
17、d not; / B. not; but C. either; or D. both; and 二、 从属连词: 1分类: 从句种类 主要从属连词 时间从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 条件从句 if, unless 目的从句 in order that, so that 结果从句 sothat, suchthat, so that, so 原因从句 because, as, since 让步从句 although, though, even though(if), while 方式从句 as if, as tho
18、ugh 地点从句 where, wherever 比较从句 than, as 说明that, whether, if 等从属连词可引导名词从句,在句中担任主语、宾语等。 2引导时间状语从句的连词(重点): when: Dont get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。 while: We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 as: He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。 before: It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能
19、再相见。 after: Ill tell them after you leave. 我将在你走后告诉他们。 until, till: I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。 since: How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了? whenever: Whenever it is possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。 3引导条件状语从句的连词(重点): 1)条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing
20、(suppose)引导: if: If it rains tomorrow , we will have to stay at home. unless: I wont write unless he writes first. 我不写信,除非他先给我写。 2)条件状语从句还有其他形式:(难点) You will always have a home as long as I have anything. 只要我有家产你就永远会有一个家。 4引导目的状语从句的连词:(重点) in order that: I lent him 500 yuan in order that he can go f
21、or a holiday.我借给他50英镑,使他能去度假。sothat:AskhertohurryupwiththeletterssothatIcansignthem.让她快点把信打好,以便我能签字。5引导结果状语从句的连词:1)结果状语从句主要由sothat和suchthat引导:sothat:Hewassofatthathecouldntgetthoughthedoor.他胖得连门都过不去了。suchthat:Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.吉姆吵成那样,他姐姐让他安静点。6引导原因状语从句的连词:because:Because
22、itrainedhetookataxi.由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。as:Asyouresorry,Illforgiveyou.既然你悔悟了,我就原谅你。Since:Sinceyouwillgothere,Iwillgotoo.7让步状语从句的连词:although/though:Though/Althoughitisnotlarge,theroomwaslight.房间虽然不大,采光却很好。evenif:Theyllstandbyyouevenifyoudontsucceed.即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。8引导方式状语从句的连词as:YououghttodoasItellyou.你应当照我说
23、的做。like:Shecantdrawlikehersistercan.她不能像她姐姐那样画画。asif/asthough:Helookedaboutasiflookingforsomething.他四处看了看,仿佛在找什么似的。9引导地点状语从句的连词:(难点)where:Illdriveyouwhereyouregoing.你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。wherever:Wellgowhereveryousay.你说哪里我们就到哪里。everywhere:Everywherehewent,hewasintroducedasthecurrentUSchampion.不管他到哪里,人们都介绍他是
24、当前的美国冠军。nomatterwhere:Keepyourmobilephonewithyounomatterwhereyouare.不管在哪里你都要带着手机。10引导比较状语从句的连词:than:YousingbetterthanIdo.你的歌唱的比我好。as:Thatsnotsosimpleasitsounds.那事并不像听起来那么简单。11引导其他从句的连词:1)引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether,if可以引导宾语从句:that:Shealwayscomplainsthatheisdownonher.她老是抱怨他看不起她。whether:Idontknowwhether
25、youlikeflowers.我不知道你喜不喜欢花。2)that和whether还可以引导表语从句:that: The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有真正去努力。 whether: The point is whether we ought to recommend him. 问题是我们是否应当推荐他。 【基础练习】 (一)选择所给的连词填空: when, because, but, before, if, so.that, as.as, notuntil, and, after, or, since 1. Hurry up, please!
26、 _youll be late for school. 2. She _go to bed _ her mother came back. 3. Yesterday Jim didnt go to see the film, _he must go over his lessons. 4. The students were talking about the sports meeting _ the teacher came in. 5. I was _tired _I couldnt walk any more. 6. This building is _ tall _ that one.
27、 7. Tom was ill yesterday, _he still went to school as usual. 8. He asked me _I would go there with him. 9. We have studied here _ 1994. 10. The child had studied English for two years _he went to middle school. 11. _the boy finished his homework, he went to bed. 12. Study hard on your subjects, _yo
28、ull do well in the exam. (二)选择最佳答案: ( )1. Liu Ming told us _ his class were excited by the news. A. when B. how C. that D. before ( )2. My father didnt come back _ he finished all the work. A. until B. while C. if D. as soon as ( )3. More people came _ I had expected. A. as if B. so that C. since D.
29、 than ( )4. He cant decide which to choose _ theres no difference between them. A. but B. so C. because D. and ( )5. Life today is easier _ it was hundreds of years ago. A. than . as C. what D. when ( )6. _ the teacher came into the classroom, all the children stood up. A. Whether B. As well as C. If D. As soon as ( )7. _ the p
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