英语动词25种句型.docx

1、英语动词25种句型英语动词25种句型Verb patternsFor anyone who is learning to speak or write correct English, the most important word in a sentence is the verb. For this reason the compilers of the Dictionary have paid particular attention to verb patterns. These show the learner how to use verbs to form correct sen

2、tences.A person learning English as a foreign language may be tempted to form sentences by analogy. For example, he hears or sees such sentences as Please tell me the meaning and Please show me the way (an indirect object followed by a direct object). By analogy he forms the incorrect sentence *Plea

3、se explain me the meaning (instead of Please explain the meaning to me). He hears or sees such sentences as I intend to come, I propose to come, and I want to come, and by analogy he forms the incorrect sentences as *I suggest to come (instead of I suggest that I should come). He hears or sees such

4、sentences as I asked him to come, I told him to come, and I wanted him to come, and by analogy he forms such incorrect sentences as *I proposed him to come and *I suggested him to come (instead of I proposed/suggested that he should come). He notes that He began to talk about the matter means the sa

5、me as He began talking about the matter and supposes, wrongly, that He stopped to talk about the matter means the same as He stopped talking about the matter.To help the learner to avoid such mistakes, the compilers of the Dictionary have provided a set of tables in which various Verb Patterns are s

6、et out with examples. Each pattern has a numbered code (for example, VP5, VP6A, VP21), and this provides a link between the tables and the verb entries in the Dictionary, because every verb entry has its own code (or several codes if there are several meanings). A few examples will show how the lear

7、ner can refer from the VP codes in entries to the VP tables in the Introduction. One of the patterns given in the Dictionary for congratulate is VP14, and this verb is also used in one of the examples in the VP table for VP14: We congratulated him on his success. The pattern provided for the second

8、meaning of consider is VP6A. If the learner turns to that table he will find several examples based on that pattern, for example We all enjoyed the film. This will help him to form a correct sentence with consider in VP6A, for example He considered the problem.Sometimes extra information is given in

9、 an entry to help the learner to learn the right pattern. For example, in the entry for absolve, he will find the verb + preposition (from), placed after the codes VP6A,14. This shows that the verb can be used as in absolve a man from a vow. In the entry for accede there are the codes VP2A, 3A, foll

10、owed by (to), showing that the verb may be used as in accede to a proposal.It is important to note that the learner is not expected to memorize these verb patterns. They are a simple reference system, a practical tool to guide the learner who wants to form correct sentences. They are a way of helpin

11、g the learner who will benefit from a list of the grammatical rules that underlie the different sorts of example sentences that are given in the entries for verbs.A full treatment of these verb patterns is found in Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, by A.S. Hornby (Oxford University Press).Note

12、: The use of the asterisk * indicates that the phrase or sentence is an example of incorrect usage.VP 1This pattern is for the verb be. The subject complement may be a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, an adjective phrase (eg. a prepositional group). There may be an adverbial adjunct or an infinitive p

13、hrase.Subject + BEsubject complement/adjunct1. This is2. This suitcase is3. The children are4. This book is5. This isa book.mine.asleep.for you.where I work.There are variations with introductory there/it.There/It + BEsubject1. There was2. It was impossible3. It was a pitya large crowd.to go further

14、.the weather was so bad. VP 2A组: This pattern is for verbs which may be used without a complement. Such verbs are called complete intransitive verbs. Adjuncts are possible but not essential.Subjectvi.1. We all2. The moon3. A period of political unrestbreathe, drink and eat.rose.followed.There are va

15、riations with introductory there/it.1. There followed2. It doesnt mattera long period of political unrest.whether we start now or later.That-clauses are possible after seem, appear, happen, chance and follow.1. It seemed2. It so chanced/happened3. It doesnt follow(that) the day would never end.(that

16、) we were out when she called.(that) they are husband and wife.B组: Verbs in this pattern are used with an adverbial adjunct of distance, duration, weight, cost, etc. For may occur before adverbials of distance and duration. An indirect object may occur after cost, last and take (meaning require).Sub

17、ject + vi.(for) + adverbial adjunct1. We walked2. The meeting lasted3. The book cost (me)4. This box weighs(for) five miles.(for) two hours.1.20.five kilos.C组: Many intransitive verbs are used with an adverbial adjunct (including an adverbial particle alone, or an adverbial particle followed by a pr

18、eposition).Subject + vi.adverbial adjunct1. Go2. Please come3. Ill soon catch4. Its getting5. It looksaway!in.up with you.on for midnight.like rain/as if it were going to rain.D组: Verbs in this pattern are followed by an adjective, a noun or, in the case of a reflexive verb, a pronoun. Inchoative ve

19、rbs (eg. become, come, get) and verbs of the senses (eg. smell, taste, feel) are among the many verbs used in this pattern.Subject + vi.adjective/noun/pronoun1. Her dreams have come2. The fire has burnt3. She married4. He died5. Later he became6. Youre not lookingtrue.low.young.a millionaire.an acro

20、bat.yourself.E组: In this pattern the predicative adjunct is a present participle.Subject + vi.present participle1. She lay2. Do you like to go3. The children camesmiling at me.dancing?running to meet us. VP3A组: Verbs in this pattern are followed by a preposition and its object (which may be a noun,

21、pronoun, gerund, phrase, or clause). The verb and preposition function as a unit.Subject + vi.preposition + noun/pronoun1. You may rely2. Can I count3. What has happenedon that man/his discretion/his being discreet.on your help?to them? An infinitive phrase may follow the noun/pronoun.1. Were waitin

22、g2. I rely3. She pleadedfor our new car to be delivered.on you to be discreet.with the judge to have mercy.B组: The preposition is omitted before a that-clause, thus producing the same word order as in VP9 (for transitive verbs).He insisted on his innocence. He insisted that he was innocent.Cf. He de

23、clared that he was innocent.VP3AVP3BVP9The preposition may be retained if its object is a dependent question, or if a preceding preposition + it construction is used.Subject + vi.(preposition)clause1. I agree2. You must see3. I hesitated4. Have you decided5. Dont worry(to it)(about)(upon)(about)that

24、 it was a mistake.that this sort of thing never occurs again.whether to accept your offer.where you will go for your holidays?how the money was lost. VP4A组: In this pattern the verb is followed by a to-infinitive of purpose, outcome, or result.Subject + vi.to-infinitive1. We stopped2. How did you co

25、me3. Will he live4. Someone has calledto rest/to have a rest.to know her?to be ninety?to see you.B组: The infinitive may be equivalent to a co-ordinate clause.Subject + vi.to-infinitive1. He awoke2. The good old days have gone3. Electronic music has clearly come4. He looked roundto find the house on

26、fire.never to return.to stay.to see the door slowly opening.C组: The infinitive adjunct is used after some verbs which, in VP3A, are used with prepositions.Dont trouble/bother about that.Dont trouble/bother to meet me.Subject + vi.to-infinitive1. She hesitated2. She was longing3. He agreedto tell any

27、one.to see her family again.to come at once.D组: The verbs seem and appear are used in this pattern. If the infinitive is be with an adjective or noun as complement, to be may be omitted (unless the adjective is one that is used only predicatively, as in VP4E).Subject + SEEM/APPEAR(to be) + adjective

28、/noun1. He seemed2. This seems3. I seem(to be) surprised at the news.(to be) a serious matter.(to be) unable to enjoy myself.There is a variation of this pattern with introductory it, when the subject is an infinitive or gerund, or a clause.It + SEEM/APPEARadjective/nounsubject1. It seemed2. It seem

29、s3. It doesnt seem4. It appearsreasonablea pitymuch useunlikelyto try again.to waste all that food.going on.that well arrive on time.E组: If the adjective after seem/appear is used only predicatively (eg. awake, asleep, afraid), to be is obligatory. Happen and chance are also used in this pattern.Sub

30、ject + SEEM/APPEAR/HAPPEN/CHANCEto-infinitive1. The baby seems2. My enquiries seem3. She happened4. We chanced5. There seemsto be asleep/to be sleeping.to have been resented.to be out when I called.to meet in the park.to have been some mistake.F组: The finites of be are used with a to-infinitive to c

31、onvey a variety of meanings, 见be4(3)Subject + BEto-infinitive1. Were2. At what time am I3. How am Ito be married in May.to come?to pay my debts? VP5In this pattern the auxiliary verbs or anomalous finites will/would, shall/should, can/could, must, dare, need are followed by a bare infinitive (ie. without to). The phrases had better, had/would rather and would sooner fit into