英语重点语法知识点课件.docx

1、英语重点语法知识点课件 高考语法知识点一、深层语法注意下面这些容易淡忘的硬性法则，有些甚至是打破常规的特殊规定，做题时千万千万别忘了：1 冠词表示众多同类事物中的一个时名词即使带了修饰语也用不定冠词。Eg: While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery which completely changed mans understanding of color. 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词带上修饰语后改用不定冠词。Eg: When the spaceship traveled

2、above, a new-looking earth appeared before us, an earth that we had never seen before.元音因素（注意：不是字母是音素）开头的单词前用an,反之，辅音因素开头的单词前用a. Eg: a university, a useful book, a “u”, an “e/f/h/i/l/m/n/o/r/s/x”, an interesting story, an orange, an hour, an honest boy, an 800-metre bridge.序数词前用不定冠词表示“又一”“再一”之意Eg: M

3、y teacher asked me to copy the article a second time.形容词最高级前用不定冠词表示“极其”之意。2.代词、形容词和副词 enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置；形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way easily enough to the Home Circle Building. (2006)能够修饰比较级的程度副词：。一点点，稍微：a little, a bit, slightly, any; 。得多：many, much, a lot,

4、a great deal, far, by far, greatly; 甚至更。：even，all the, still, yet.形容词可以作状语。United, we can make it. He fell to the ground, dead.注意几组特殊副词的意义及用法差别:a.原意和抽象比喻意义上的差别,即前者用于可测量的较具体的事物,后者用于一种难以测量的抽象的比喻义.deep深地/deeply深深地; wide宽大地/widely广泛地; near近地/nearly很接近地,几乎; close近地/closely密切地; most极其/mostly主要地; The playe

5、r can jump really high, so we all speak highly of him.b.有无-ly意义大不同:dead完全地,绝对地/deadly极其地; pretty相当/prettily漂亮地; late迟地/lately最近; hard努力地/hardly几乎不;He works hard in school while his brother hardly ever reads a book.3. 情态动词和系动词I情态动词有以下特别用法：can可表示“有时候会”。 Eg: The monkeys look sweet, but they can be very

6、 naughty.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it can be very slow.must可表示“硬要，偏偏”。Eg: -How old are you, madam? -If you must know, Im twice my sons age.shall可用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Eg: -Shall he come to see you? -Id rather he didnt. Shall也可用于二、三人称陈述句中表示命令、警告、允

7、诺、威胁或法规。Eg: -What does the sign over here read? -No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.should可表示“按理说应该”。 Eg: -When can I call for my TV set? -It should be ready this afternoon. should也可表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊异、不能理解等，译作“竟然；居然”。Eg: You cant imagine that a well-behaved g

8、entleman should be so rude to a lady. will可表示现在经常或习惯性的行为，译作“常常”。过去的习惯性行为用would.Eg: He will go to the park every day after supper.will还可表示即时决定。Eg:-John was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital. -Oh, really? I didnt know. I will visit her. -Did you tell him the good new

9、s? -Oh, no. I forgot. I will call him now.must have done只用于肯定句；cant have done；may/might have done不用于疑问句。II系动词有以下硬性规定：go多与负面意思的形容词连用；还特别用于可立即逆转的颜色变化，如交通灯。turn用于表示达到某一年龄或超过某一时间。还可表“成为”，此时后面直接接名词，即名词前不能加任何冠词. make后接名词表示具有成为某种人的潜质。如：He can make a good teacher。感观动词既可作系动词也可作实义动词，应注意从语义上来区别和正确使用。 When you

10、are ill, you cant taste properly. Even your favorite food tastes bad. They looked sadly at the master, because the maser himself looked sad. We dont care if a hunting dog smells badly, but we really dont want him to smell bad.4.非谓语动词：下列动词接动词不定式作宾语补足语是必须省略to，但在被动句中不可省，即V + sb do sth: look at, see, wa

11、tch, notice, observe; have, let, make; listen to, hear; feel. 简记：五“看”三“使”两“听” 一“感觉”。to在句中像妖怪，主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。绝大多数动词后接不定式作宾语，但有些动词只能接V-ing作宾语，即V+ V-ing，常见的这些动词是：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to; excuse/pardon; admit; delay(put off); fancy; avoid; miss; keep; practise; deny; finish; enjoy/app

12、reciate; imagine; mind; allow/permit; escape; resist; forbid; risk. 词义口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过保持练，否认完成和欣赏，想像介意准逃亡，抵制禁止要冒险。tooto 结构中如果too后接的是表情绪感受的形容词则此结构是肯定意义。too前还常加上only, all, but, just, simply等副词，意思不变，因为这些词加上too后与very同义。下列动词不能接不定式的复合结构sb to do sth: hope, suggest, demand, welcome, arrange, agree. O

13、n/Upon + V-ing或on + ones + n可表示“一。就。”。(接名词时要加上ones) On arriving/his arrival in Shanghai, he called his friends.Upon his death the man left all his money to his child.being done一般为分词，表示“正被。”，即既表被动又表进行，但在介词和只能接V-ing的动词后它是动名词，表示“被。”，只表被动不表进行！having done和having been done 一般不作定语。放在句首的目的状语只能用不定式，并且要用逗号与后面

14、隔开，但作目的状语的不定式放句尾时不用逗号隔开。there be 句型的非谓语形式作主语时可用there being也可用there to be, 但用for引出时则用there to beIt is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.作宾语时通常用there to be,但在介词和要求接V-ing作宾语的动词后用there being。Chinese hate there to be long queues everywhere.Nobody told me about t

15、here being a meeting yesterday.I have no objection to there being a meeting here.作状语时多用there being。但tooto句型中则用there to be.There being no bus, we have to go home on foot.There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.Its too early for there to be anybody on the road.作定语This is the

16、 fastest train there is to Nanking.这是现有的去南京的最快的火车。I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.5.名词性从句：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序. 宾语从句中主句为一般过去时时，从句必须用过去的某种时态（客观真理除外）。6.定语从句：关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that：a.先行词是all ,everything, nothing, anything, something, mu

17、ch, little, none等不定代词时All that can be done has been done.Do you have anything that you dont understand ?There is little that can be believed about it .The book doesnt say much that amuses children.b.先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last修饰时Ive read all the books that you

18、lent me.No sample that we nave received is satisfactory.Please send us any information that you have about the subject.He is the only person that was present at the time.c.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰或是形容词最高级或序数词时Hamburg is the most beautiful city that Ive ever seen.This is the best TV that is made in China.The

19、 first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.This is the first/second/last book (that) he has read.d.先行词中既有人又有事物时The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, ha

20、rm, etc.e.关系代词在从句中作表语，或先行词指物且在主句中作表语时My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.He is no longer the man that he used to be.He didnt become the kind of person that his father wanted him to be.It is a song that is very popular.It is a book that will help you a lot.f.由which和who开头的问句中（避免重复）Wh

21、ich is the subject (that) you are going to learn next term?Who is the man that came to see you just now?Who that you have ever seen can do it better?Who that you are talking to is the young fellow.记忆口诀：the very, the only; the same, no, any; 两项并列人与物；不定、序数、最高级。（“不定”指不定代词，但指人的one / ones / anyone/those/

22、he除外。） 关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况：a.在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。He made the same mistakes again, which made his parents very angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary, which cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr. Smith, who gave a talk several months ago, will come again.My uncle has come back from abr

23、oad, whom I havent met for along time.His dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.b.紧跟在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。Her bag, in which she put all her money, has been stolen.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang, with whom I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.Which is the

24、 car, the owner of which you know? 关系代词指人时只能用 who 而不用that的情况：先行词是one / ones / anyone/those/he 时 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who are often late should be punished Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task gi

25、ven should be criticized. Anyone who breaks the law is punished.Those who break the law are punished.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.He who laughs last laughs best.He who breaks the law is punished.关系代词只能用as的情况：a.固定句型：当先行词有s

26、ame或such/so修饰时关系代词常用as(不用that). as充当宾语或表语. 即:the sameas; suchas; soas I shall do it in the same way as you did.I want to buy such a book as you have. He is so good a teacher as we all like. He is not the same man as he was.比较:He is not the man that he used to be.b.代替整个句子，意为“正如”时c.代替整个句子放在句首时当前后构成因果关

27、系时, 关系代词代替整个句子只能用which He failed in the exam, which made his mother very angry.His dog died, which made him very sad.7.状语从句：时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时Eg: We will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Dont/You cant get off the bus until it stops. 时间状语从句、条件状语从句和方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或主句的主语是it，且从

28、句谓语中含有be动词，可以将主语和be动词省略。While （he was） still a student, she played roles in many plays.（但when he was a student不这么省。此时就用while still替代）Please change the verb form if/when necessary.Dont speak until asked to.Generally speaking ,when taken to the directions, this medicine has no side effect. When comple

29、ted, the museum will be open to the public next year.The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.If not treated, the deadly disease could spread very fast and cause plenty of deaths.This is an illness that can result in total blindness if left untreated. Once a teach

30、er, he now works in a government office.Work hard when young, or youll regret. He looked everywhere as if in search of something.While walking along the street, I heard my name called.The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.由as, although,

31、 though引导的让步状语从句结构：although/while不倒装, although多用于句首,while必须放在句首;though可倒装可不倒装;as/that必须倒装. a.表语的倒装：（表语为名词时名词前不可加冠词！）While /Though/ Although he is a child, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot.Tired as/though/that he was, he still went on with his work. b.状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very修饰语！）While /Though/ Although Bruce walked very fast, he still couldnt catch up with me. Fast as/though/that Bruce wal