1、词VS名词精华版英语中能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词英语的词根据词义、形式和在句中的作用,可以分成十类英语的词类分类:1. 名词 n. 表示人或事物的名称。 eg. (例) teacher, book2. 代词 pron. 主要用来代替名词。eg. (例) We ,me, he3. 数词 num. 表示数量或顺序。eg. (例) two, fifth 等。4. 动词 v. 表示动作或状态。eg. (例) work, study, live 等。5. 形容词 adj. 表示人或事物的性质或状态。eg. (例) good, big, beautiful 等。6. 副词 adv. 修饰动词、形容词或
2、其它副词。eg. (例) fast, quickly7. 冠词 art. 用在名词前,帮助说明其意义。eg. (例) a, an, the8. 介词 prep. 用在名词或代词前表示该名词(代词)与句中其它词之间的关系。eg. (例) In, by, with9. 连词 conj. 连接词、短语、句子。eg. (例) and, if, but10. 感叹词 interj. 表示说话者的感情或口气。eg. (例) oh, ah前六类即名词,代词,动词,形容词,副词和数词都有实义,在句子中能独立担任一定的句子成份,称为实词。后四种即冠词,介词,连词和感叹词没有实义,都不能在句中独立担任任何成份,称
3、为虚词。 下面我们来看一看以前学的单词都是什么词呢?ostrichpenguinwhalesharkhummingbirdhippozebralionbutterflycrocodile这些表示动物名称的词是_今天我们就来一起学习名词!名词的概念 表示人或事物的名称。名词的类 专有名词 (表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。例如:Lucy,Shanghai,the United States,Newton,London等。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。)(1)个体名词。如:cup,desk,student等。一般可数,有单复数形式。(2)集体名词。如:class,team,famil
4、y等。一般可数,有单复数形式。(3)物质名词。如:rice,water,cotton等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词。如:love,work,life等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。名词 普通名称 名词的数(一)可数名词的复数形式的构成规则1. 一般情况下在名词的词尾加s,如:book books,pencil pencils. 2. 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es。如:bus buses,box boxes,watch watches等。3. 以-y结尾的名词:(1)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,把y改为i再加es如:factory factories,comp
5、any companies等。(2)以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾,直接在词尾加-s如:key keys,boy boys等。4. 以-f和-fe结尾的名词:(1)变-f或-fe为v再加-es如:thief -thieves, wife -wives, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, knife-knives, half-halves等。 记忆口诀:小偷的妻子把躲在架子后面吃树叶的狼一刀劈成了两半。(2)直接在词尾加-s,如:roof roofs,gulf gulfs,chief chiefs,proof proofs等。(3
6、)两者均可。如:handkerchief handkerchiefs或handkerchieves.5. 以-o结尾的名词:,有生命的+加-es如:hero heroes,potato potatoes,tomato tomatoes等。牢记顺口溜:黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿。 ,无生命的+s 如:zoo zoos,photo photos, radio radios等 (二)不规则名词的复数形式1. oo ee 如:tooth teeth,foot feet等。2. a变e: man-men, woman-women , policeman-policemen 【注意】:Englishman E
7、nglishmen,Frenchman Frenchmen.3. 不变: , sheep-sheep , deer-deer ,fish-fish 牢记口诀:神奇的羊鹿鱼永不变。,Chinese -Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 牢记口诀:中日不变英法变,其他s加后面。中日不变:ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese英法变: Englishman Englishmen,Frenchman Frenchmen其他s加后面:Americans,Asians,Russians,Australians,Italians,Germans等。 4. 全变:
8、man或woman作为性别,组成的复合名词,皆变为复数形式。如:man driver - men drivers (男司机),woman doctor - women doctors(女医生)等。(三)不可数名词1. 物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。 物质名词:不可分成个体的物质。如:milk, water,money,meat等。 抽象名词:人类的精神生活方面的活动而言的一类词汇。如:spirit , loneliness 等。2. 不可数名词的计量形式。 数词 + 量词 of 名词 a glass of water a cup of tea a bottle of milk three
9、pieces of bread two bags of rice five bowls of dish3. 不可数名词的转化。(根据个人程度自己决定是否学习)(1)物质名词表示种类或具体事物时则成为可数名词。如:glass(玻璃) a glass(一个玻璃杯),tea(茶) two teas(两杯茶),ice(冰) three ices(三个冰淇淋)。(2)抽象名词具体化时也可成为可数名词。如:beauty(美丽) a beauty(一个美人),youth(青春) a youth(一个青年)。(3)表示具体事物的可数名词,用于表示抽象或物质意义是,便转化为不可数名词。如:a room(一个房间
10、) room(空间),a chicken(一只小鸡) chicken(鸡肉)。 随堂练习1、写出下列名词的复数形式sheep_ child_ boy_ student_ teacher_wife_ man_ policeman_ bus_ city_2、填入所给名词的正确形式1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football
11、now. (child)3、单项选择1.Tom and his mother _ coming now. A.is B.are C.was D.am2.There _ a book on the table. A.is B.are C.was D.am3. -How many children _ there in the picture? -Three. A. has B. is C. have D. are 4. Sunday _ the first day of the week. A. is B. are C. am D. be5.The water _ dirty(脏的)。 A. i
12、s B. are C. am D. be4、 写出下列名词的正确形式。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. I have lots of_(tomato) here.6. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.7. Their_(book) lo
13、ok new.8. They are_(woman) doctors.5、用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. _ your brother in the classroom?5. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. Some tea _ in the glass.8. You, he and I _ fr
14、om China.9. My sisters name _Nancy.10. There _ some apples on the tree.11. There _ a girl in the room.6、选择填空:( )1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots( )2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens( )3There are four _ and two _ in the group. A.
15、 Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans( )4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors( )5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse( )6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches
16、D. boys, watch( )7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths( )8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men( )9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
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