中国矿业大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.docx

1、中国矿业大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题中国矿业大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part One Cloze (15 points)Directions: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word.The Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being pr

2、epared for (1) _. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the “chontadure” palm and a drink of “chicha”. When the sun has (2) _ over the river, some of the younger women go (3) _ their children by canoe to their forest plantation to (4) _ maize, bananas and wild

3、 fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are (5) _ for drinking water and for “chicha”. Later they have to (6) _ the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each (7) _ day involves much the same (8) _. The men, who may have been hunting d

4、uring the night, (9) _ the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or “atarraya” net.In January after the rains, (10) _ men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize. (11) _, in August and September, they sow a (12) _ crop. Four months after eac

5、h (13) _, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once (14) _, and after the babies are (15) _ in their hammocks they discuss the days events.Part Two Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The energ

6、y crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over-development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has

7、contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need

8、is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of

9、 morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own cou

10、ntry and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same e

11、ndangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the worldis a crisis

12、that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists mere fears, no by-product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style.

13、This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation.1Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?ALack of financial planning.BThe

14、 breakup of the family.CNatural disasters in many regions.DThe excessive growth of motors.2The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is_.Aa continuation of our present serious stateBworldwide resources exploitation and energy useCa movement forward to a new norm

15、 to planet research workDa state where long range planning is essential to us3According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?ADisregard for law.BLack of devotion.CLack of cooperation.DExploitation of resources.4By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws atte

16、ntion to the_.Asignificance of this crisisBinadequacy of governmentsCsimilarity of the past to the presentDhopelessness of the situation5According to the last paragraph, what contribution does the author feel people must now make ?ASearch for new energy sources.BOutlaw motor transportation.CAccept a

17、 new life style.DAdopt a new form of government.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Futurists have identified two changes that seem to be central to contemporary social life. First, the United States is being restructured from an industrial to an information society. Seco

18、nd, modern societies are increasingly shifting from a national to a global economy. Futurists have applied a good many metaphors to these changes, including Daniel Bells “postindustrial society”, Alvin Toffiers “the third wave” and John Naisbitts“megatrends”. Common to these metaphors is the notion

19、that American society is shifting from the production of goods to the production of services and from society based on the coordination of people and machines to a society organized around knowledge. These changes, it is contended, will afford a myriad of choices. The world will increasingly be one

20、of many flavors, not just vanilla (香草) or chocolate.Many observers of contemporary American life believe that we are witnessing a historical change and the first major impact of the shift from an energy economy to an information economy. For 300 years technology has been cast in a mechanical model,

21、one based on the combustion processes that go on inside a star like the sun. The steam engine opened the mechanical age, and it reached its peak with the discovery of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, which replicated the energy producing processes of a star. We now seem to be moving toward a biol

22、ogical model based on information and involving the intensive use of materials. Although biological processes need physical energy and materials, they tend to substitute information for both. Biological processes “miniaturize” size, energy, and materials by “exploding” information. The human brain i

23、s some ten times the size and weight of the brain of a lemur, but it handles a billion times more information. As a result, high tech industries are information intensive rather than energy or material intensive.Sociologists have played and will continue to play an important role in assessing and in

24、terpreting these developments and other aspects of change.6It can be inferred that underlying the two changes is the change of_.A the instrument of production Bthe size of the societyCthe social structure Dthe economic market7With what does the mechanical age reach its highest point?AThe steam engin

25、e. BNuclear power production.CThe combustion process. DThe energy producing process of the sun.8With the coming of the information age, the society is becoming _.Amore intolerable. Blarger.Cmore varied. Da more pleasant place.9What characterizes the information society?AThe amount of knowledge to be

26、 learned.BPhysical energy and materials.CRapid change and its social effects.DSmall size and high capacity.10What is the attitude of the author towards the function of sociologists in the great changes?ACritical. BPositive. CNegative. DIndifferent.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the fol

27、lowing passage:In the past oysters were raised in much the same way as dirt farmers raised tomatoesby transplanting them. First, farmers selected the oyster bed, cleared the bottom of old shells and other remains, and then scattered clean shells about. Next they “planted” fertilized oyster eggs, whi

28、ch within two or three weeks hatched into larvae. The larvae drifted until they attached themselves to the clean shells on the bottom. There they remained and in time grew into baby oysters called seed or spat (贝卵). The spat grew larger by drawing in seawater from which they derived microscopic part

29、icles of food. Before long, farmers gathered the baby oysters, transplanted them in other waters to speed up their growth, and then transplanted them once more into another body of water to fatten them up.Until recently the supply of wild oysters and those crudely farmed were more than enough to sat

30、isfy peoples needs. But today the delicious seafood is no longer available in abundance. The problem has become so serious that some oyster beds have vanished entirely.Fortunately, as far back as the early 1900s marine biologists realized that if new measures were not taken, oysters would become ext

31、inct or at best a luxury food. So they set up well-quipped hatcheries and went to work. But they did not have the proper equipment or the skill to handle the eggs. They did not know when, what, and how to feed the larvae. And they knew little about the predators that attacked and ate baby oysters by

32、 the millions. They failed, but they doggedly (努力) kept at it. Finally, in the 1940s a significant breakthrough was made.The marine biologists discovered that by raising the temperature of the water, they could induce oysters to lay eggs not only in the summer but also in the fall, winter, and spring. Later they developed a technique for feeding the larvae and rearing them to spat. Going still further, they s