新剑桥商务英语高级单词总结.docx

1、新剑桥商务英语高级单词总结1. autonomous: independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher authority 2. decentralization: dividing an organization into decision-making units that are not centrally controlled. 3. function: a specific activity in a company, . production, marketing, finance 4. hierarc

2、hy: system of authority with different levels, one above the other. 5. line authority: the power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command6. report to: to be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or her 7. subordinates: people working under someone

3、else in a hierarch8. industrial belt: an area with lots of industrial companies, around the edge of a city9. wealth: the products of economic activity10. productivity: the amount of output produced (in a certain period, using a certain number of inputs11. corporate ethos: a companys ways of working

4、and thinking12. collaboration: working together and sharing ideas13. insulated or isolated: alone, placed in a position away from others14. fragmentation: breaking something up into pieces15. motivate :To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to do something.16. employee: A pe

5、rson employed by someone else, working for money.17. labor relations: Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers, management and unions.18. responsibility: Having control of something as part of your job19. wages: Money paid (per hour or day or week) to manual workers20. salary:

6、 A fixed regular payment made by employers, usually, for professional or office work.21. benefits or perks: Advantages that come with a job, apart from wages or salary.22. promotion: To be raised to a higher rank or better job. security: Knowing that there is little risk of losing ones job.24. skill

7、ed: Having particular abilities, acquired by training.25. subcontractor : Any company that provides goods or services for another one26. component : Any of the pieces or parts that make up a product, machine, etc. or contracting out : Buying products or processed materials from other companies rathe

8、r than manufacturing them28. capacity : The (maximum) rate of output that can be achieved from a production process29. plant : The buildings, machines, equipment and other facilities used in the production process30. location : The geographical situation of a factory or other facility: 31. inventory

9、 : The stock of any item or resource used in an organization (including raw materials, parts, supplies, work in process and finished products) 32. lead time : The time needed to perform an activity . to manufacture or deliver something) channel: all the companies or individuals involved in moving a

10、particular kind of goods or service from the producer to the consumer. launch a product: to introduce a new product onto the market. opportunities: possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can profitably produce goods or services research: collecting, analyzing and re

11、porting data relevant to a specific marketing situation (such as a proposed new product) segmentation: dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits: wrappers and containers in which products are sold of sale: places where goods are sold to the pub

12、lic shops, stores, kiosks, market stalls, etc. concept: an idea for a new product, which is tested with target consumers before the actual product is developed features: attributes or characteristics of a product: quality, price, reliability, etc. representative: someone who contacts existing and po

13、tential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services advertising: free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to their friends. or prestige advertising: advertising that mentions a companys name but not specific products. agencies: companies that handle advertisin

14、g for clients. account: a contract with a company to produce its advertising. advertising budget: the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising and buying media time or space. brief: the statement of objectives of an advertising campaign that a client works out with an a

15、dvertising agency. campaign: the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular period of time. customers or target market: a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to satisfy. planners: the people who choose where to advertise, in order to reach the right customers

16、. threshold effect: the fact that a certain amount of advertising is necessary to attract a prospective customers attention. comparative-parity method: choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as ones competitors. advertising: advertising during periods or seasons when sales are normally rel

17、atively poor.: writing down the details of transactions (debits and credits): keeping financial records, recording income and expenditure, valuing assets and liabilities, and so on accounting: preparing budgets and other financial reports necessary for management accounting: working out the unit cos

18、ts of products, including materials, labor and all other expenses accounting: calculating an individuals or a companys liability for tax: inspection and evaluation of accounts by a second set of accountants61.Creative accounting: using all available accounting procedures and tricks to disguise the t

19、rue financial position of a company62. shareholders or stockholders : A companys owners63. earnings or income : The revenues received by a company during a given period, minus the cost of sales, operating expenses, and taxes 64. liabilities : All the money that a company will have to pay to someone

20、else in the future, including taxes, debts, and interest and mortgage payments65. turnover : The amount of business done by a company over a year66. assets : Anything owned by a business (cash investments, buildings, machines, and so on) that can be used to produce goods or pay liabilities67. deprec

21、iation or amortization : The reduction in value of a fixed asset during the years it is in use (charged against profits)68. debtors or accounts receivable : Sums of money owed by customers for goods or services purchased on credit69. creditors or accounts payable :Sums of money owed to suppliers for

22、 purchases made on credit70. stock or inventory : (The value of ) raw materials, work in progress, and finished products stored ready for sale71. overheads or overhead : The various expenses of operating a business that cannot be charged to any one product, process or department: an arrangement by w

23、hich a customer can withdraw more from a bank account than has been deposited in it, up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily. card: a card which guarantees payment for goods and services purchased by the cardholder, who pays back the bank or finance company at a later date. d

24、ispenser or ATM: a computerized machine that allows bank customers to withdraw money, check their balance, and so on: a fixed sum of money on which interest is paid, lent for a fixed period, and usually for a specific purpose order or direct debit: an instruction to a bank to pay fixed sums of money

25、 to certain people or organizations at stated times.: a loan, usually to buy property, which serves as a security for the loan card: a plastic card issued to bank customers for use in cash dispensers banking: doing banking transactions by telephone or from ones own personal computer or checking acco

26、unt: one that generally pays little or no interest, but allows the holder to withdraw his or her cash without any restrictions or time or notice account: one that pays interest, but usually cannot be used for paying cheques (GB) or checks (US), and on which notice is often required to withdraw money

27、: to place money in a bank; or money placed in a bank currencies: the money used in countries other than ones own: how much money a loan pays, expressed as a percentage: available cash, and how easily other assets can be turned into cash: the date when a loan becomes repayable: to guarantee to buy a

28、ll the new shares that a company issues, if they cannot be sold to the public: when a company buys or acquires another: when a company combines with another one: buying and selling stocks or shares for clients management: taking care of all a clients investments: the ending or relaxing of legal rest

29、rictions: a group of companies, operating in different fields, that have joined together chip: a company considered to be without risk : ability to pay liabilities when they become due: anything that acts as a security or a guarantee for a loan: having a responsibility or an obligation to do somethi

30、ng, . to pay a debt: a person or organization to whom money is owed (for goods or services rendered, or as repayment of a loan): to be insolvent: unable to pay debts.: everything of value owned by a business that an be used to produce goods, pay liabilities, and so on liquidate: to sell all the poss

31、essions of a bankrupt business.: money that a company will have to pay to someone else (bills, taxes, debts, interest ad mortgage payments, etc.) put up capital: to provide money for a company or other project capital: money invested in a possibly risky new business: the people who begin a new compa

32、ny: the place in which a company does business: an office, shop, workshop, factory, warehouse, and so on: to guarantee to buy an entire new share issue, if no one else wants it : a proportion of the annual profits of a limited company, paid to sharehodelrs fund: a company that spreads investors capital over a variety of securities: an investors selection of securities: a person who can advise investors and buy and sell shares for them chip: a stock in a