英语句子成分划分主语练习题.docx

1、英语句子成分划分主语练习题英语句子成分 （一）句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、 不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语 we often speak english in class. one-third of the students in this class are girls.to swim in the river is a great pleasure.smoking does harm to the heal

2、th. the rich should help the poor.it is necessary to master a foreign language. when we are going to have an english test has not been decided. （三）谓语：动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：he practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has

3、caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：we are students. 例如：划出表语并说出有什么词充当 our teacher of english is an american. is it yours? the weather has turned cold.the speech is exciting. three times seven is twenty one? his job is to teach english. his hobby is playing football. the machine must be out of order. t

4、ime is up. the class is over. the truth is that he has never been abroad. （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 例如： they went to see an exhibition yesterday. they helped the old with their housework yesterday. he pretended not to see me. i enjoy listening to popular music. i think（that）he is fit for hi

5、s office.宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：lend me your dictionary, please. 2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：they elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 例如： his father named him dongming.they painted their boat white.

6、let the fresh air in. you mustnt force him to lend his money to you. we saw her entering the room.we found everything in the lab in good order. we will soon make our city what your city is now. （七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：名词，形容词，代词，分词，动名词，不定式短语，介词短语等 1 例如：找出定语并看由何种成分充当： guilin is a beautif

7、ul city. china is a developing country; america is a developed country. there are thirty women teachers is our school. his rapid progress in english made us surprised. our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. the teaching plan for next term has been worked out. he is reading an articl

8、e about how to learn english. （八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） he has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） he is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） wait a min

9、ute.（名词） once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 状语种类如下： how about meeting again at six?（时间状语） last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） i shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） mr smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） she put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方

10、式状语） she came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） in order to catch up with the others, i must work harder.（目的状语） he was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） she works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） i am taller than he is.（比较状语） 英语句子结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英

11、语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： s十v主谓结构 he runs quickly s十v十o主谓宾结构they found their home easily s十v十o1十o2 主谓双宾结构he offered me his seat/his seat to me带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等 s十v十o十c 主谓宾补结构they named the boy charlie 说明：s主语；v谓语；p表语；o宾语；o1间接宾语；o2直接宾

12、语；c宾 2 11.we always work hard at english. 13.she watched her daughter playing the piano. 14.speaking doesnt mean doing. 15.bye the time i got to the station,the train had left. 16.the children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 17.it takes me an hour to get there.

13、 3 语法填空强化练习（1） in the past a gentleman would offer his seat _(1)_ a lady on a crowded bus. but now, he will probably look out of the window or hide behind his newspaper, _(2)_(leave) the lady standing _(3)_ someone else gets off. you cant entirely blame men for this change in manners. _(4)_(go) are

14、the days when women could be referred to the weak. a whole generation has grown up demanding _(5)_(equal) with men in jobs, in education and in social life. hold a door for some women _(6)_ you are likely to get _(7)_ angry lecture on treating women _(8)_ weaklings. take a girl out for a meal and sh

15、ell probably insist on paying _(9)_ share of the bill. all these, according to some sociologists, will change mens attitude towards women and the conventional active politeness is perhaps slowly being _(10)_(replace) by true consideration for the needs and feeling of women, so that men can see women

16、 as equal human beings. 语法填空强化练习（2） 语法填空强化练习（3） do you feel _(1)_ difficult to be happy all the time? now ill give you some tips _(2)_ how to make yourself happy. one way is being _(3)_ (self) because unselfishness is the key factor _(4)_ (require) if you want to get along well with others. by _(5)_

17、 (say) being unselfish we mean we _(6)_ not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. another way is to look for good points in _(7)_ people. youll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. third, you can not expect to be too perfect, _(8)_ don

18、t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. everything will be ok if you try to make things right. finally, it is important to remember that while you are no _(9)_ (bad) than others, chances you have may not be much better. in this case, _(10)_ surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other p

19、eople. 4篇二：英语划分句子成分练习题 he likes dancing.（代词） twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)seeing is believing. （动名词） to see is to believe. （不定式） what he needs is a book. （主语从句） it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 he likes pla

20、ying the games. predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 he is a teacher. （名词） five and five is ten. （数词） he is asleep. （形容词） his father is in. （副词） the picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) my watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） to wear a flower is to say i?m poor, i can?t buy a ring. （不定式） feel（感觉） .

21、it sounds a good idea.the sound sounds strange. her voice sounds sweet.tom looks thin. the food smells delicious. the food tastes good. 1）动作的承受者-动宾 i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词） how many do you need? we need two. （数词） we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. （动名词） give

22、the poor man some money. we elected him monitor.（名词） please make yourself at home. 介词短语） don?t let him do that. （省to不定式） his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） don?t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） （过去分词） he was elected monitor. she was found singing in the next room. ai yan

23、ling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）he is our friend. （代词） we belong to the third world.（数词） he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) the boys playing football are in class 2.（现在分词） the trees planted

24、 last year are growing well now. （过去分词） i have an idea to do it well.（不定式） （定语从句） v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步 怎样划分英语句子中的成分？ 主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语分别有什么用 其次，要系统学习名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词等此类，了解什么词可以充当句中的什么要素。一般的，名词做主语和宾语，动词作谓语，形容词修饰名词和做表语，副词修饰句子或者动词. 定语、状语 句子，汉语中常用?.的?表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分

25、前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语： the little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 tom is a handsome boy./tom是个英俊的男孩。 there is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词： two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 the tw

26、o boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 there are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语： his boy needs toms pen./他的男孩需要tom的钢笔。 his name is tom./他的名字是汤姆。 there are two boys of toms there. /那儿有tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语： the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./ 教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 the boy in blue is tom./穿兰色衣

27、服的孩子是汤姆。 there are two boys of 9,and three of 10./ 有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语： the boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 it is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 there is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语： the boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 the best boy here is tom./这里最棒的男孩是tom。 不定式作定语： the boy

28、 to write this letter needs a pen. /写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 the boy to write this letter is tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 there is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语： the smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 the pen bought by her is made in china./她买的笔是中国产的。 there are five boys left./有五

29、个留下的男孩。 定语从句： the boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。 the boy you will know is tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 there are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰

30、的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：the boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩?（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩?（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作?in the classroom,the boy calls

31、the girl. 副词（短语）作状语： the boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） the boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需 要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置） the boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） the boy needs a pen now./now,the boy needs a pen./the boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语） 介词短语作状语：in the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语） before his mother,tom is always a boy./ 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) on sundays,there is no student in the classroom./ 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 分词（短语）作状语： he sits there,asking fo