《国际商务英语》词汇部分必备学习.docx

1、国际商务英语词汇部分必备学习美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍

2、学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Sectio

3、n) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论

4、文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内

5、容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在

6、英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。国际商务英语词汇部分11. Budget预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year

7、 used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2. Return回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3. Portfolio证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than contr

8、olling4. Royalty专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5. Expertise专门知识expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular

9、field; know-how.6. Licensor认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7. Patent专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.8. Non-tariff barrier非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to intern

10、ational trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.9. Turnkey contractone in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete product ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.10. Franchise经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or

11、 owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.21. Purchasing power购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2. Assess估价to judge an amount or value.3. spurto urge or encourage4. averageof an ordinary, common o

12、r usual kind in quality or amount5. Productiveproducing in high efficiency or in large quantity6. tapto take what is needed from, to exploit7. Infrastructurelarge-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. needed to support economic activity, e

13、sp. industry, trade and commerce.8. recipienta person or an organization etc. that receives something9. consumerismconsiderable desire to make purchase for consumption10. PPPpurchasing power parity31 liberalizationof trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2 integrat

14、ioncombining into the whole3 tarifftax levied by the customs 4 barriers to tradeany action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.5 mobilitycapacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6 detour绕道route that avoids a blocked ro

15、ad; deviation7 banknote纸币printed paper money issued by a bank, usu. the countrys central bank.8 erode侵蚀wear away, eat into9 envisagepicture(an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine10 veto否决权right to reject or forbid something41 affiliatea subsidiary company controlled by a

16、nother2 assetstotal resources of a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.3 world companya multinational whose national identity has been blurred4 facilitiessomething designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service5 revenue收益the total annual inco