1、第 08单元 比较级别 第08单元 比较级别 I3个比较级别 形容词大多可以比较,有3个比较级别(Degrees of Comparison)。 形容词的原来形式称为原级(Positive Degree): This house is small He is a wise man I found this horse very fast 表示一样东西或人比另一样东西或人“更”的形容词,称为这个形容词的比较级(Comparative Degree),单音节形容词的比较级由该词加词尾-er构成: This house is smaller than yours These houses are s
2、mallerthan those He is a wiser man than his father I found this horse faster than that 表示在3个或更多的东西或人中“最”的形容词,称为这个形容词的最高级(Superlative Degree),单音节词以加-est方式构成最高级: This house is the smallest of all These five houses are thesmallest of all He is the wisest man in this city I found this horse fastest of a
3、ll I found these horses fastest ofall 双音节或多音节形容词,多以前面加more的方式构成比较级,以加most 的方式构成最高级: This house is beautiful(原级) He is a cunning man I found the horse very useful This house is more beautiful(比较级)than yours He is a more cunning man than his brotner I found the horse more useful than that one This hou
4、se is the most beautiful(最高级)of all He is the most cunning man I ever saw I found the horse the most useful of all 还有一种比较方法,即往下比,表示“较不”,“最不”,这时可以分别在形容词前加less或least。由less构成的比较级称为较低级(Comparative of Inferiority),以least构成的最高级称为最低级(Superlative of Inferiority): This house is less beautiful(不如美) than yours
5、 He is a less cunning man than his brother This house is the least beautiful(最不美) of all He is the least cunning man thatI ever saw 副词也可以同样方式进行比较: John ran fastfaster thanIthe fastest of all He writes carefullymore carefully thanIthe most carefully in class 无法比较的形容词与副词 大多数品质形容词都可进行比较,但某些形容词是绝对的,无法比较
6、的。我们可以说 nearly perfect,quite empty,almost dead,但不能说more perfect,emptier,most dead,也不能说This is rounder than that下面是一些无法比较的形容词: Absolute,chief,main,principal,complete,perfect,ideal,ex-cellent,supreme,unanimous,universal,whole,full,final,entire,ultimate,utter,uttermost,omnipotent,everlasting,eternal,fu
7、ndamental,basic,primary,first,preliminary,u-nique,sole,allseeing,allknowing(还有其他由all-构成的合成词,以及形式上不是最高级而意义上都是最高级的形容词) Homeless,harmless,fatherless,meaningless,illiterate,im-mortal,impossible,illegal,inevitable,invaluable,infinite,unendurable,unskilled,unripe(还有许多其他带有否定前缀或后缀的形容词,如由-less,ill,in-,im,un-
8、等构成的形容词) Contemporary,simultaneous,chaste,true,false,sufficient,e-qual,major,minor,dead,mortal,wooden,round,empty,void,sea-blue,etc Some,any,all,no,every(及其他指示形容词) Monkey(例如 monkey business),child( as in child care),home(as in home work)(和许多其他可用作形容词的名词) 不过,像monkeyish,homely和 childish这样的正规形容词可以比较。) 和
9、某些形容词一样,某些副词也是不能比较的: Now,yesterday,presently,eternally(时间) Here,upward,down,away(地点) Negatively,absolutely,universally,infinitely(及许多由不可比较形容词构成的副词)(方式) 有些似不能比的形容词,偶尔也有比较的形式,如 fuller,purer,more correct,more perfect,most ideal,most complete,lessequal,less empty,甚至一些优秀作家也这样用。 比较级和最高级的构成法 A形容词 单音节形容词通常都
10、以加-er和-est的方式构成其比较级和最高级: 但在加词尾时要注意: 1)一般加-er,est: tall taller tallest bold bolder boldest kind kinder kindest great greater greatest 2)以-e结尾的词,只加-r和-st: large larger largest wise wiser wisest fine finer finest white whiter whitest 3)“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字”(简称CVC)构成的词, 末尾字母要双写,再加-er和-est: hot hotter hottest
11、thin thinner thinnest flat flatter flattest big bigger biggest 下面单音节形容词,用加more和most 构成比较级和最高级比加-er和-est的时候多: real just full like right French 下面形容词既可以加词尾的方式构成比较级和最高级,也可加more,most构成(如 truer,truest; more true,most true),但用加词尾方式构成时更多一些: drunk keen calm mild glad cross plain pale frank free huge vague f
12、ond scarce prompt sound 下述双音节形容词以加词尾方式构成比较级及最高级: 1)以y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加词尾,如happy,happier,happiest: happy angry dingy naughty likely lucky misty stormy lively kingly timely beastly 这种形容词偶尔也可以加more,most的方式构成比较级和最高级,如more misty,most misty; more lucky,mostlucky。但有些只能以加词尾方式构成比较级及最高级,如cleanly,kindly,lowly 2)以-
13、er结尾的词,如 tenderer,tenderest: tender bitter clever (Eager,sober,slender也可加more,most方式构成) 3)以ow 结尾的词,如 shallower,shallowest: yellow narrow hollow shallow 4)以-le结尾的词,如 simplef,simplest: idle feeble subtle gentle noble able supple (Ample,humble,brittle,nimble,stable,agile,motile,senile,等,也可加 more,most)
14、5)重音在第二音节的词,如 pol ter p+l it+r,politestp+l itist。 pol te sevre intnse obscre profund remte div ne prec se more or most ant que,grotsque,chinse;more or mosta fr id,a w re,a lne,a l ke,a p rt,contnt及其他专门用作补语的形容词。 6)下述形容词,如 crueler,cruelest: dismal cruel common stupid distinct pleasant quiet profound c
15、ivil exact (所有这些形容词也可以加 more和 most,只有 cruel除外。) 上面未提到的双音节词,通常多加more和 most: cautious more cautious most cautious foolish more foolish most foolish cheerful more cheerful most cheerful active more active most active charming more charming most charming crooked more crooked most crooked docile more docile most docile constant more constant most constant 三音节或更多音节的词通常都加more和most: beautiful more beautiful most beautiful affable more affable most affable digestible more digestible most digestible malignant more
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1