11类常用翻译主题词汇.docx

1、11类常用翻译主题词汇11类翻译主题词汇一、中国历史四大文明古国one of the four ancient civilizations人类文明史the history of human civilization源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history朝代dynasty古都 ancient capital随着时间的推移 as time goes by远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society春秋时代 the Spring and Autumn Period战国 the Warring State

2、s封建社会 feudal society皇帝、君主emperor, monarch历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919在.世纪初at the beginning of.century迄今为止up till now追溯到 to date/trace back to来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发源地 bir

3、thplace兴起于., 兴盛于.to emerge in. and prosper in.保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site国家博物馆national museum皇帝统治时期a period of emperor reign诸侯国kingdom勤政爱民to be diligent and love ones people退位 to give up the throne帝王宫殿imperial palace以.命名to be named after历史人物history figure阳历 solar calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干

4、heavenly stem地支earthly branch闰年 leap year二、中国文化概述重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文化产业 culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流 cultural exchange文化冲击 cultural shock文化差异 cultural difference独特的艺术价值 unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神 patriotism国宝 na

5、tional treasure文物 cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德 traditional virtues文人 men of letter雅士 refined scholar才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined /high art中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serv

6、e China无愧于时代的作品 works worthy of the times文明摇篮 cradle of civilization古文明 ancient civilization博大精深 to be extensive and profound享有.的声誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为.to be honored/crowned as占重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place肩负.的责任 to shoulder the responsibility

7、of.与.密不可分to be closely associated with.最广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平 to promote would peace增进友谊 to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities民族特性和价值观 national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture促进

8、交流 to promote exchanges蓬勃发展 to flourish丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful风俗习惯 custom禁忌 taboo尊敬老人 to respect the elderly赡养老人 to support/take care of parents继承 to inherit后人later generation强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body益寿延年 to prolong life保佑平安 to keep sb. Safe象征意义 symbolic meanin

9、g象征好运和祝福 to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste三、中国传统文化中医药 traditional Chinese medicine中草药 herbal medicine望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking症状 symptom重大发明 a significant invention中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷

10、术 paper-making指南针the compass文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚brush, ink stick, ink stone汉字 Chinese character笔划 stroke普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese书法calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting 武术martial arts中国功夫Kung Fu太极 Tai Chia孔子 Con

11、fucius孟子Mencius思想学派school of thought思想核心 the core of ideology代表人物 representative儒家思想 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture和尚、僧人monk寺庙temple伊斯兰教 Islam清真寺mosque宗教 religion建筑 architecture钟楼bell tower牌坊 memorial archway兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses丝绸之路 the Silk Road故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple o

12、f Heaven民间故事 folk tale寓言 fable传说 legend凡间human world京剧 Peking Opera脸谱 mask正面角色 positive role木偶戏 puppet show皮影戏 shadow play杂技 acrobatics相声 cross-talk说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing说书 story-telling传统工艺品 traditional handicraft形状不一 to be of different shapes材质各异 various material质地坚硬 hard

13、texture造型生动 vivid figure色彩丰富 rich colors风格独特 characteristic/unique style刺绣 embroidery泥人clay figure瓷器 porcelain；china陶器 pottery; earthenware青铜器 bronze ware雕刻 to carve图章 seal四、中国传统节日春节 the Spring Festival /Chinese New Year除夕 Chinese New Years Eve年夜饭 annual reunion dinner拜年 to pay a new year call探亲访友to

14、 (pay a) visit to relative and friends亲朋好友 relatives and friends大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck去除灾难 to ward off evils发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度. The celebration of.; to celebrate春联 spring couples庙会 temple fair

15、民间艺人 folk artists祭神 god-worshiping炮竹，烟火 firecracker; firework(s)年画 (traditional) new year picture压岁钱 new years gift-money元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/ Festival重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day舞龙 dragon dance花灯 fe

16、stival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle有益的智力活动 beneficial intellectual activity中国结 Chinese knot舞狮lion dance赛龙舟 dragon boat race赏月 to enjoy the full moon登高 hill climbing扫墓 to pay respects to the dead at sbs tomb五、食物及烹饪方法中国菜、中餐 Chinese cuisine烹饪技巧 cooking technique煎 to fry炒 to stir-fry炸 to deep-fry烩/闷/炖to ste

17、w蒸to steam煮 to boil烘焙 to bake烤 to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎 to mince磨碎 to grind饮食习惯 dietary habit特色食品 special food元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough sticks豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed bun包子 steamed stuffed bun拉面 hand-stretched noodles豆腐 tofu; bean curd麻花 fried dough

18、twist皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg火锅 hot pot原料ingredient猪/牛肉丸pork/ beef ball鸭肉 duck蘑菇 mushroom北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant白酒 Chinese liquor六、旅游交通景点 tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹 places of interests避暑胜地 summer resort森林公园 forest park自然保护区 nature reserve自

19、然景观 natural scenery人文景观 human landscape壮丽河山 magnificent scenery古典山水园林 classical landscape garden皇家园林 royal garden中外游客 tourists from home and abroad游乐园 amusement park度假 to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票 (entrance) ticket免费景区电子门票 free sightseeing e-coupon星级酒店 star-rated hotel高峰期 rush hour人山人海,人满为

20、患 overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭 to climb mountains and hills受到.的热烈欢迎 to be warmly welcome by.丰富知识 to enrich ones knowledge开阔视野 to broaden ones horizon扩大知识面 to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性 to cultivate independence运输工具 means of transportation公共交通 public transport地铁站subw

21、ay station候车室 waiting room扣分处罚 point penalty酒驾 drunk driving终身禁驾 lifetime ban from driving护照 passport签章有效期 validity of visa散客 individual visitor团体旅游 group visitor七、地理环境位于.to be located in/that西部地区western regions省会 provincial capital水域面积 water area三面环山 to be surrounded by mountains on three sides全长.公

22、里 to stretch for.kilometers面貌焕然一新 to take on a completely new look高原 plateau山峰peak淡水湖 freshwater lake沿海港口 coastal pot植物园 botanical garden气候 climate环境保护 environmental protection提高全民环保意识 raise environment awareness among the general public环保产品 environment-friendly product一次性产品 disposable product开发可再生资

23、源 to develop renewable resources高耗能产业 energy-intensive industry可持续发展 sustainable development生态环境 the ecological environment温室效应 greenhouse effect森林覆盖率 forest coverage rate改善土壤 soil improvement地址灾害 geological disaster灾难 catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸 misfortune伤亡人员casualty死亡人数 death toll台风typhoon火山

24、爆发 volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought污染物 pollutant水土保持 water and soil conservation降雨 rainfall物种灭绝 the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理 to exert control after pollution碳减排 carbon emission reduction温室气体排放在greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳 carbon dioxide新能源汽车 green car废气 exhaust gas汽车尾气排放 motor veh

25、icle exhaust发动机排量 engine displacement零排放车辆 zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车 small-displacement car能源消耗 depletion of resources能源危机 energy crisis回收利用 to recycle低碳城市化道路 way to low-carbon urbanization城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传 to be on the verge of extinction/ loss濒临物种 endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelte

26、r belt八、商业经济商界business communities互惠互利 mutual benefit共同繁荣 common prosperity 总需求 aggregate/ total demand总供给 aggregate supply供大于求 supply exceeding demand扩大内需 to expand domestic demand购买力purchasing power财政预算 financial budget经济学家 economist企业家 entrepreneur经济全球化 economic globalization区域性只有贸易区regional free

27、 trade area经济特区 special economic zone计划经济 planned economy市场经济 market economy市场调节market regulation市场多元化 market diversification推动经贸合作 to boost economic and trade cooperation耐用消费品 durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion团购 group buying垄断monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率 market share生产力，生产率 product

28、ivity经济增长放缓 economic slowdown金融组织 financial institution商业信誉 commercial reputation管理机制 management mechanism国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业 private business民营企业 private-run business中小企业 small and medium-sized enterprises民间资本 private capital民间投资

29、private investment泡沫经济 bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation实体经济 the real economy外汇储备充 sufficient foreign exchange reserve国内国际贸易 domestic/ international traded对外贸易 foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争 unfair competition海关 customs关税 customs duty水货、走私货 smuggled goods产品质量 product qualit

30、y高度评价 to speak highly of物美价廉 competitive price and superior quality销量、销售额 sales存货、库存量 stocks改善服务 to improve services延长保修期 to extend maintenance制造商、制造厂 manufacturer原材料 raw material样品 sample大规模生产mass production年产量 annual output劳动力密集型产业labor intensive industry知识密集型产业knowledge intensive industry工作歧视 discrimination in workplace高消耗、高投入 high consumption, high investment沿袭.模式to continue with the model of.住房抵押贷款 residenti