高中英语语法一点通特殊句式.docx

1、高中英语语法一点通特殊句式高中英语语法一点通特殊句式知识清单倒装1、完全倒装谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，称为完全倒装句。完全倒装句型主要有以下两种情况：1、当主语是名词时，将表示方位或地点的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，或者为了表示强调，将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词置于句首，从而构成倒装句。On the hill in front of them stands a great castle.Around the corner walks a young p

2、oliceman.Out rushed the children.Gone are the days when people usually went hungry.注意：当句子主语是代词时，不可完全倒装。Away he went.2、such置于句首时，后面的句子用完全倒装结构。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.Such is our home in the future.2、部分倒装只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词和情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫作部分倒装句。部分倒装

3、句主要有以下几种：1、only修饰副词、介词短语或者状语从句，作状语，且放在句首时。Only in this way can we learn English well.Only then did I understand what she meant.特别提醒：1 only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装，主句用部分倒装结构。Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.2 only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。Only he can answer the question.2、否定副词never, nor, hardly, li

4、ttle, seldom, scarcely, rarely以及表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under no circumstance, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。Never before have I seen such a moving film.Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.3、副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，构成句型“So+adj./adv.+that.”。So much did they eat that

5、they could not move for the next hour.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.4、not only.but also.“不仅而且”，not only谓语句首时，后面的分句用部分倒装结构，但but (also)引导的句子用正常语序。Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who

6、 need it.5、not until.“直到才”位于句首时，主句用倒装结构，从句不倒装。Not until he returned did we have supper.6、表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so/neither/ nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句。He can sing English songs, and so can I. He didnt see the film, and neither did I.She likes music, and so do I. She hasnt re

7、ad it, and nor have I. 3、形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置，特点是把强调的内容提至句首，主谓不倒装，常见的句型主要有以下几种：1、“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越，越”。The more exercise you take, the healthier you are.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.2、whatever+n.引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，however+adj./adv.引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”。Whatever nonsense the ne

8、wspapers print, some people always believe it.However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.3、as和though引导的让步状语从句，采用倒装形式。Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work.Try as/though you might, you cant keep the lost time.Much as/though he likes the bike, he doesnt wan

9、t to buy it.强调1、强调句1、强调句的陈述句形式为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分。当强调人时，可用who来代替that。被强调部分可以是单词、短语或者从句，但是去掉It is/was.that.之后，句子结构必须完整，常被强调的句子成分有：主语、宾语和状语。It was Ann Peter that/who rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.It was her that/who Ann Peter rushed to a nearby hospital last night.It was las

10、t night that Ann Peter rushed to a nearby hospital.It was what he said that made her angry.It was when the rain stopped that they continued working.2、强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其它句子成分？Is it the famous writer and his works that have aroused great interest among the students?Was it in the sta

11、tion that you met each other yesterday?3、强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+其它成分？Who was it that broke the window?When and where was it that you were born?Why was it that you kept silent at the meeting?4、有时候可用It might be.that/who.或者It must have been.that/who.句型表示强调。It might be his father that/who youre

12、 thinking of?It must have been his brother that/who you saw?5、not.until.句型的强调句式为：It is/was not until.+that+其它成分。It was not until the early years of the 19th century than man knew what heat was.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was the famous film star.6、强调句与其它句型的混用1

13、强调句用于宾语从句中He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.I really cant remember where it was that I first met the man.2 强调句中被强调的名词后常接一个定语从句来修饰。Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?It was in the school, where I once studied, that we

14、 held a party.Was it in the house, which we visited last year, that the murder happened?3 强调句用于感叹句中。What a silly mistake it is that you have made!2、对谓语动词的强调强调句型不能用来强调谓语动词，如果需要强调谓语动词，要用助动词do, does或did。Do come this evening.He did write to you last week.Tom does study hard now.反意疑问句1、陈述句含有must/may(migh

15、t)的反意疑问句1、当must作“必须”讲时，反意疑问句用neednt；当含有mustnt（不允许、禁止）时，反意疑问句用must。You must go now, neednt you?You mustnt smoke here, must you?2、当must/may(might)表示推测时，可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess+that从句”，反意疑问句根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式来确定。You must/may (might) be hungry now, ?I am sure/guess that you are hungry now, ar

16、ent you?You must/may (might) be hungry now, arent you?You must have heard about it, ?I am sure that you must have heard about it, havent you?You must have heard about it, havent you?You must have watched that football match last night, ?I am sure that you watched that football match last night, didn

17、t you?You must have watched that football match last night, didnt you?2、陈述句含有used to的反意疑问句陈述句含有used to，表示“过去常常”，反意疑问句用usednt或didnt均可。You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you?3、陈述句含有否定词或者半否定词的反意疑问句当陈述句部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定或者半否定词时，反意疑问句用肯

18、定形式。He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?4、陈述句含有否定前缀构成的词Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesnt he?Its unfair, isnt it?5、陈述句含有宾语从句的反意疑问句1、当陈述句含有宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主语和助动词常和主句保持一致。He said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt he?Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed, does he?2、当陈述句主句的谓语动词是think

19、, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine, be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致。I dont believe he will succeed, will he?6、祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的反意疑问句，常见的结构形式有：肯定祈使句，will/wont you?否定祈使句，will you?Lets., shall we?Let us., will you?Open the door, will/wont you?Lets go out for a walk, shall we?Let us

20、 go home now, will you?7、反意疑问句的回答原则不管陈述句是肯定还是否定，回答时只根据事实情况来确定，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes回答，如果事实是否定的，就用no回答。也就是说无需考虑句子原本是前肯后否还是前否后肯。-You arent a teacher, are you?-Yes, I am.（我是老师）-No, I am not.（我不是老师）祈使句1、肯定式、否定式和强调式Keep silent in the reading room.Dont be so sure.Never come late.Do come on time this evening.Do b

21、e careful.2、带主语的祈使句Tom, water the flowers.Be quiet, everybody.感叹句1、基本形式What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！What a clever boy he is!=How clever the boy is!What sweet water it is!How fast he is running!2、省略式的感叹句1、how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语！How (much) we love our motherland!2

22、、省略形容词，what直接修饰名词。What a day we have!3、其它形式的感叹句How can you be so silly!省略1、定语从句中的省略限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略，定语从句的先行词是way（关系词在从句中作状语），关系词可省略。This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.Thats not the right way we get on with little kids.2、状语从句中的省略1、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主

23、语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构：1 连词（when, if, though等）+形容词Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.2 连词（once, as if, while等）+介词短语He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.3 连词（when, while, though等）+现在分词While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.连词（when, if, even if,

24、unless, once, until, than, as等）+过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.连词（as if, as though）+不定式he opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.2、当从句中的主语时it，谓语动词中由含有be动词时，可以将it和be动词一起省略。此时构成“连词（if, unless, when, whenever等）+形容词”。Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the

25、 dictionary.Get up early tomorrow. If not (=If you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note.3、不定式的省略1、单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式中被省略的部分，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, hope, like, love, mean, seem, refuse, wish, w

26、ant等后面。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.2、不定式符号to用在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。I didnt want to go there, but I had to.3、不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后面。-Will you join in the game?-Id be glad to.4、否定形式的不定式省略用not to。-Shall I go instead of him?-I prefer you

27、not to.5、如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。-Are you a sailor?-No, but I used to be.-He hasnt finished yet.-Well, he ought to have.There be句型1、基本结构1、there be句型在英语中表示“什么地方存在某物”，be动词的单复数和后面的名词保持一致，如果有两个或者两个以上名词，谓语动词be要遵循就近一致原则。There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.There is a p

28、en, two books, and many pencils on the desk.2、特殊形式1、there be结构有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。There was a meeting in our school yesterday.There will be a new film shown on Sunday.There have been many great changes in our country since then.There cant be any mistake in his passage.2、there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用

29、seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, used to be或半系动词remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.3、there be句型的非谓语形式I have never imagined of there being a picture on the

30、 wall.I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.There being no enough time left, we have to hurry up.There having been no water for 2 days, the travelers were all thirsty.主谓一致一、并列主语的主谓一致1、两个单数名词或者不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。Tom and Jack are close friends.Steam and ice are different

31、 forms of water.2、两个单数名词用and连接，第二个名词前不加冠词，表示同一个人、物或者概念，谓语动词仍用单数形式。The singer and dancer has been invited to attend our evening party.3、被every, each, many a, no等限定的单数名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Each boy and each girl in our class has an English name.Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.4、由or, nor, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数要和与它临近的主语的数保持一致。One or two friends are