1995英语 考研 试券.docx

1、1995英语 考研 试券1995年试题与分析Section Use of EnglishSleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The

2、 purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 3 . The new experiments, such as these 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to

3、rats, yet, 7 _examinations of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systemsthe self-protecting mechanisrn against diseasehad crashed. 1. A Either B Neither C Each D

4、 Any2. A intended B required C assumed D inferred3. A subtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful4. A maintained B described C settled D afforded5. A in the light B by virtue C with the exception D for the purpose6. A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction7. A upon B by C through D with8.

5、A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasis on D cast light on9. A develop B produce C stimulate D induce10. A if B as if C only if D if only一、文章结构总体分析睡眠分为浅睡阶段和较长时间的深睡阶段。虽然人们对两个阶段的睡眠都不是十分了解，但是人们推测浅睡对大脑起修复作用。深睡的作用更令人难以理解。在最近睡眠研究协会的会议上，专家们首次描述的新实验，对非快眼动睡眠的作用进行了吸引人的阐释。因剥夺睡眠而死亡的老鼠的尸体检查发现，其免疫系统

6、似乎已崩溃了。二、 试题解析1.答案 B解析 本题考核的知识点是：不定代词的用法。空格上文提到，睡眠分为浅睡阶段和深睡阶段。因此空格处_ kind of sleep指的就是这两种睡眠。四个备选项中，首先排除D项。any 指“任何一个”，如：You can buy sugar at any big store.你可以在任何一家大商店里买到糖。余下的选项中，each指两个或多个中的每一个，例如：Each of them thinks different thoughts.他们中的每一个人都有不同的想法。either表示两者之一，表示肯定，如：You can park on either side

7、of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以。neither表否定含义，表示“两者都不”。如：Neither of us could understand German.我们两个谁也不懂德语。空格所在的分句里出现的关键词at all一般与否定词连用，即 not at all，意为“一点也不，根本不”，因而这里应填表否定含义的词，B正确，意为“人们对两类睡眠都没有完全了解”。2. 答案 C解析 本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。intend意为“想要，打算，企图”，intend to do sth. (=mean to do sth.)意为“打算做某事”，主语一般是有生命的事物。如：I

8、hear they intend to marry. 我听说他们要结婚了。require意为“需要，要求，命令”，be required to do sth.意为“被要求/必须做某事”，如：All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必须出示车票。显然不能说，“浅睡眠阶段被要求做某事”。assume意为“假定，设想”，be assumed to do sth.意为“被假定/认为做某事”，如：He is assumed to be a Belgian.（他被认为是个比利时人。）infer意为“推论，推断”，但它不用于infer s

9、th. to do结构中，而用于infer sth. from sth.结构中，如：Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.（大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。）因此，只有assume符合上下文的要求。另外，根据上文可知，人们对睡眠的两个阶段都不十分了解，因此有关浅睡眠的功能的论述只是一种推测，C为正确项。3. 答案 C解析 本题考核的知识点是：形容词词义辨析。subtle意为“微妙的，难以捉摸的”，如：He complained that these people were subtle. 他抱怨说这些人难以捉摸。obvious

10、意为“明显的”；mysterious意为“难以解释或无法理解的”；doubtful意为“可疑的，值得怀疑的”，如He is a doubtful character. 他是个可疑的人物。前文提到人们对两种睡眠阶段都不是很了解时用了well-understood一词，从逻辑语意上可以推出人们对non-REM sleep也不很了解，因此，几个选项中mysterious最合适。4. 答案 B解析 本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。空格所在句子是一个长句，主干部分是The new experiments suggest fascinating explanations. such as引导的短语是对e

11、xperiments的举例说明。these指的是the new experiments，空格处填入的过去分词表示被动含义，相当于一个后置定语从句，即these which are _ for the first time，用来修饰these。四个选项中，maintain意为“保持，维持”，与句中的for the first time相矛盾；settle意为“解决”，afford意为“支付得起”，与experiments不搭配。describe意为“描述”，用在文中表示“（会议上）描述的一些新实验”，符合文意。5. 答案 D解析 本题考核的知识点是：短语语意辨析。四个选项都可与介词of连用。in

12、 the light of (= in light of/according to)意为“按照，根据，考虑到”，如：He rewrote the book in the light of further research.（他根据进一步的研究重写了那部书。）by virtue of意为“依靠，由于”，如：She got the job by virtue of her greater experience.（她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。）with the exception of(= except)意为“除了之外”，如：All his novels are set in Italy w

13、ith the exception of his last.（他的小说除最后一部外全是以意大利为背景。）显然，这三个含义代入文中都不符合文意。for the purpose of可以看作是一个固定短语，意为“为了的目的”，如：The three groups have been combined for the purpose of this study.（为了这项研究工作，三个小组业已合并。）但本文中却不是把它作为一个固定短语使用，而且分成了两个部分，explanations常与for搭配，表示“解释的原因”， the purpose of non-REM sleep在上文中出现过，表示“深

14、睡眠的作用”，正确答案是D。6. 答案 C解析 本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析。for example一词提示空格所在部分是衔接上文，解释深睡眠的作用的举例。reduction意为“减少”；deprivation意为“剥夺”；restriction意为“限制”。destruction意为“破坏，毁灭”，通常指具体事物，如：The fire caused the destruction of my books.这场大火使我的藏书被毁坏。“对老鼠产生致命影响”的应是“睡眠的剥夺”，所以C符合题意。7. 答案 A解析 本题考核的知识点是：介词的用法。upon+名词/动名词=when引导的从句，其中

15、upon相当于when/directly after，表示“当时”。如：Upon entering the room（=When I entered the room）, I found him lying on the floor.用在文中表示“当检查死亡老鼠的尸体时”，因此A为正确答案。through意为“凭借，用的方法”； by意为“凭借，靠，通过”，主要表示方法、手段；with意为“用，使用；以”。本文如果使用这些介词，首先需要在名词examination前加上定冠词the；其次其逻辑主语就是句子的主语the animals，这样含义就成了“动物通过检查动物尸体”，不符合逻辑。8. 答

16、案 D解析 本题考核的知识点：短语语意辨析。pay attention to 意为“注意”，如：pay attention to state affairs关心国大事；catch sight of (=see)意义“看到，发现”，如：She caught sight of a car in the distance.她一眼瞥见了远处的汽车；lay emphasis on (=emphasize)意为“重视”，如：He laid a strong emphasis on the study of foreign languages.他把重点放在学习外训上；cast/throw/shed ligh

17、t on意为“使（问题等）较容易理解”，如：Recent research has shed new light on the causes of the disease.最近的研究结果可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。根据句意，应选D，表示“一位研究人员使人们进一步了解动物死亡的奥秘”。9. 答案 A解析 本题考核的知识点是：动词词义辨析。develop意为“（逐渐）显现出，（开始）患（病）”，如：She developed measles. 她得了麻疹。produce意为“制造，产生”，如：Hard work often produces good results.努力工作经常会有好结

18、果。stimulate意为“促进，刺激”，如：Exercise stimulates the flow of blood.体操促进血液流动。induce意为“引诱，诱使”。如：Too much food induces sleepiness.吃得过饱会产生睡意。本题的关键词bacterial infections of blood (血液细菌感染)是一种病，根据习惯搭配，应该用develop。10. 答案 B解析 本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。本句是一个复合句。主句The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood用的是一般现在时，根据时态一致

19、的原则，从句也应该用现在时。但在本题中，从句用的是过去完成时。很显然，主从句的时态不一致。时态不一致一般是由两个原因引起的：一，时间状语，如：Im doing my homework, while I was watching TV this time yesterday.二，虚拟语气的使用，如：If I were you, I would go there. 如果我是你，我就去那儿。此题并没有涉及时间状语因此导致时态不一致的原因是虚拟语气的使用。If意为“如果”，跟虚拟语气时，主句应相应地使用虚似语气，如：The conference wouldnt been so successful,

20、if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。as if 意为“好像”，可以接虚拟语气，如：He behaved as if nothing had happened.（他表现得若无其事。）only if 意为“只有”，接条件从句，一般引起主句的倒装现象，如：Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。if only意为“要是就好了”，接虚拟语气，一般用来引导感叹句，如：If only she h

21、ad known where to find you.由于文中只有从句使用了虚拟语气，因此应选B，意为“似乎它们的免疫系统已经崩溃”。三、全文翻译睡眠分为浅睡阶段（REM）和较长时间的深睡阶段(non-REM)。浅睡阶段伴有快速的眼睛运动和做梦的特征。人们对两个阶段的睡眠都不太了解，不过人们推测，浅睡眠具有一些大脑修复功能。而深睡眠的作用则更更加令人费解。在明尼阿波利斯举行的由睡眠研究协会组织的近期会议上首次描述了一些新实验，类似这样的实验对深睡眠的作用进行了吸引人的阐释。例如，人们早有所知，完全剥夺睡眠会100使老鼠致命，然而，在检查死亡鼠类的尸体之后，发现这些动物看起来却非常正常。现在，一

22、位研究人员已揭开了这些动物死亡的奥秘。老鼠患了血液细菌感染，就好像它们的免疫系统抵御疾病原体的自我保护机制已崩溃。Section Reading ComprehensionPassage l Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it

23、 possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many servic

24、es: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products

25、and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He wil

26、l not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for th

27、e material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distincti

28、ons. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay a

29、ny attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.11. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that_.A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC advertising costs money like everything e

30、lseD it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?A Securing greater fame. B Providing more jobs.C Enhancing living standards. D Reducing newspaper cost.13. The author deems that the well-known TV personalit

31、y is_.A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingB interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD obviously partial in his views on advertising14. In the authors opinion,_.A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement一、文章结构总体分析本文论述了广告对现代社会做出了很大贡献