高三英语一轮总复习专题12EnglisharoundtheWorld句型语法.docx

1、高三英语一轮总复习专题12EnglisharoundtheWorld句型语法2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题12EnglisharoundtheWorld(句型语法)专题1.2 English around the World【学以致用】三、重点句型详解1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。【句式分析】句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为“即

2、使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。在主、从句主语相同且从句的谓语部分含有be动词时也可采用省略结构，即省略从句的主语和be动词。Even if fluent in English，you may experience linguistic difficulties in the UK.即使你英语流利，在英国也许还是会遇到语言困难。He likes to help me even if/though he is very busy.尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我。（1）Mr. Smith likes to help us _ _史密斯先生虽然很忙，但他还是愿意帮我们。（2）_ _，I wouldnt g

3、o.即使受到邀请，我也不去。【明辨异同】明辨异同even if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”as if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像似的；似乎；仿佛” 选词填空 (even if/though，as if/though)（1）He speaks he knows everything.（2） you dont like this film，youd better see it.【答案】（1）as if/though （2）Even if/though 【拓展】（1）引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no mat

4、ter when/what., whenever, wherever, however 等等。Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited. 即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is, he wont take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。（2）as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置 n. + as + 主语 + v. 且

5、前置的名词习惯上不加冠词Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。Child as he is, he knows to help each other. 他虽然是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。 adj. + as + 主语 + v. 且动词通常为系动词，位于句首的形容词是其后系动词的表语Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。Impossible as it seems, it is true. 动词原形+ a

6、s + 主语+ 情态动词或助动词，且若表示情态意义则选用情态动词，陈述事实则用do,did, does等助动词Object as you may, I will go. 即使你反对，我也要去。Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。 adv. + as + 主语 + v.Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. 尽管我很喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard as they tried, they couldnt make her change her min

7、d.尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 分词 + as + 主语 + v.Raining hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。【总结】as引导的让步状语从句大多数表示“即使.，但是.”，也可以用来表示原因，原因从句与主句之间有因果关系。Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night.

8、他虽然和疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。（表让步）Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累了，所以他睡得很早。（表原因）2. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。（1）believe it or not 信不信由你。通常用于口语中，在句中做插入语。Believe it or not, it was a hug that changed my mind.信不信由你，是一个拥抱改变了我的主意。【名师点津】英语中常见的插入语有：

9、to tell (you) the truth （跟你）说实话to be honest 老实说generally speaking 一般说来in other words 换句话说that is (to say) 也就是说 , we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你，我们在雨中一直等了两个小时。 , I dont agree to your plan.老实说，我不赞成你的计划。 ，women cry more easily than men.一般而言，女人比男人容易哭。He dropped out of school, , he

10、couldnt go on studying.他辍学了，换句话说，他不能再继续学习了。（2）there is no such . as . 是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有像的”，其中的“no such可数名词单数”相当于“not such a(n)可数名词单数”。no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。 There are books in the library.图书馆里有很多这样的书。【答案

11、】many such 【拓展】suchthat . 如此以至于He is a clever boy we all like him.他是一个很聪明的孩子，我们都喜欢他。【答案】such that 3. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.起初大约在公元450年和1150年间，英国人所说的英语与人们现在所说的英语很不一样。【句式分析】此句为复杂的简单句，主干是the English was diff

12、erent from the English。句中的两个English后面都跟了过去分词短语“spoken.”充当后置定语，相当于定语从句which was/is spoken. （1）Can those _ at the back hear me?那些坐在后面的人能听到我说话吗？（2）Yesterday he received a package _昨天他收到父母寄来的包裹。【答案】（1）seated（2）sent by his parents4. As we know，British English is a little different from American English.众

13、所周知，英式英语与美式英语有所不同。【句式分析】该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中充当know的宾语，as指代整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词往往是整个主句，常译为“正像一样，正如一样”。常见的表达方式有：as is well known 众所周知；as often happens这种情况经常发生；as is often the case情况常常这样；as is supposed如所预料的；as has been pointed out如所指出的；as has been said before如前所述；as I can remember正如我所记得的；as we ex

14、pect 正如我们所预料的那样。 （1）_，the moon travels around the earth.众所周知，月亮围着地球转。（2）We were sitting，_，in a riverside restaurant.我记得我们当时是坐在一个河畔的餐馆里。【答案】（1）As we all know（2）as I remember 学%5. This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台

15、节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。【句式分析】This/That/It is because.意为“这/那是因为”。because引导表语从句，表示因为。This/That/It is why.意为“这/那就是的原因”，why引导表语从句，在从句中作原因状语。 （1）You have made rapid progress；_ he helps you a lot.你进步很快，这是因为他经常帮助你。（2）Ive got a cold；_ I wouldnt like to go out.我感冒了，那就是我为什么不想出去的原因。四、重点语法回顾直接引语和间接引语（）1. 祈使句的

16、直接引语变为间接引语祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词宾语动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。（1）引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.to do sth.的形式。【名师点津】直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作宾语用。（2）当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggest doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should动词原形，should也可省略)，及a

17、sk/advise/want/beg sb.to do等结构。（3）引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind, warn等词转述。【名师点津】(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式not /never to do .。(2)祈使句直接引语变间接引语时，人称、指示代词，时间、地点状语及直接引语中从句的时态应根据陈述句直接引语变为间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。2. 一般疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would, could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时，句子的谓语动词常用asked。3. 感叹句的直接引

18、语变为间接引语直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。【名师点津】有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词来引导陈述句。“Happy New Year！” he said to me.He wished me a Happy New Year.4. 直接引语变间接引语时时态不变的七种情况（1）当直接引语阐述的是科学真理、客观事实、自然现象、格言或谚语时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels

19、 faster than sound. He said, “Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. （2）当直接引语阐述的是过去的客观事实，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Our history teacher taught us, ”The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.” Our history teacher taught us that The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.（3）当直接

20、引语是过去进行时。Jack said, “John, what were you doing when I phoned you?” Jack asked John what he was doing when he phoned him.（4）直接引语中有明确的时间状语。 Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 20,1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980.（5）当直接引语中主句是一般现在时或一般将来时。 He always says, “I am tired out.” He always sa

21、ys that he is tired out. He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. （6）如果直接引语是虚拟语气，变为间接引语时，时态不变。“I insist that you give up smoking,” said the doctor. The doctor insisted that you give up smoking.（7） 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would

22、 rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher.” He said that she must be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.” He said th

23、at she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You neednt hand in your compositions today.” The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medicine. 即学即练.将下列直接引语变为间接引语（1）“Sp

24、eak English more often than just in class，” our English teacher said to us. . .（2）“Dont play with fire, little boys，” the policeman said. .（3）Kate said, “Lets discuss the problem tomorrow.” . .（4）My sister said, “Youd better tidy your room by yourself.” .（5）Li Ming said to me, “Would you keep the se

25、cret for me？” .（6）My teacher always said, “What an interesting and challenging job teaching is！” .（2）The policeman told the little boys not to play with fire（3）Kate suggested discussing the problem the next dayKate suggested that we (should) discuss the problem the next day（4）My sister advised me to tidy my room by myself（5）Li Ming asked me to keep the secret for him（6）My teacher always said what an interesting and challenging job teaching was .翻译句子1他说：“比尔，快点！” 2他告诉孩子们不要发出噪声。 .3他问我是否可以借给他10元钱。 .4他建议今晚召开一次会议。 .5他让贝蒂去关窗户。 .