中英翻译演讲贫穷与原生家庭对我们一生的影响到底有多大.docx

1、中英翻译演讲贫穷与原生家庭对我们一生的影响到底有多大演讲简介：在过去70年里， 英国科学家跟踪调查了成千上万小孩子的一生 ，发现了令人沮丧的现状：家庭出身的影响比我们想象得更大，如果你出身贫寒，就更有可能走上一条艰难的人生道路。而这个时候如果父母缺乏对孩子成长正确引导的技能，没能给到足够的关照和倾听，会让人生的成长更加雪上加霜。滑动查看 双语字幕Today I want to confess something to you, but first of all Im going to ask you a couple of questions. How many people here hav

2、e children? And how many of you are confident that you know how to bring up your children in exactly the right way?OK, I dont see too many hands going up on that second one, and thats my confession, too.今天我想跟你们坦白一些事情，但是首先我将要问你们一些问题。在座的有多少已经有小孩了？你们中又有多少可以自信地说你知道如何完全正确地养育你的小孩？好的，我看第二个问题没有多少人举手，而这也是我要坦

3、白的。Ive got three boys; theyre three, nine and 12. And like you, and like most parents, the honest truth is I have pretty much no idea what Im doing.Iwant them to be happy and healthy in their lives, but I dont knowwhat Im supposed to do to make sure they are happy and healthy.我有三个儿子，他们分别是3岁、9岁和12岁。就

4、像你，就像大多数父母一样，老实说我真的不知道我在做什么。我希望他们生活得健康、快乐，但是我不知道我应该怎么做才能确保他们健康快乐。Theres so many books offering all kinds of conflicting advice, it can be really overwhelming. So Ive spent most of their lives just making it up as I go along.However, something changed me a few years ago, when I came across a little s

5、ecret that we have in Britain.市面上有很多提供各种互相矛盾的建议的书籍，真的是令人不知所措。所以大多数时间我都是边摸索边抚养他们的。Its helped me become more confident about how I bring up my own children, and its revealed a lot about how we as a society can help all children. I want to share that secret with you today.For the last 70 years, scienti

6、sts in Britain have been following thousands of children through their lives as part of an incredible scientific study.Theres nothing quite like it anywhere else in the world.然而，几年前的一些事改变了我，那时我无意间发现了我们英国的一个小秘密。它使我对于如何养育小孩有了更多的自信，它还揭露了作为一个社会整体，我们该如何帮助所有的小孩。今天我想跟你们分享这个秘密。在过去70年里，英国科学家跟踪调查了成千上万小孩子的一生，作

7、为一项惊人的科学研究的一部分。这世上没有另外一件像这样的事情了。Collecting information on thousands of children is a really powerful thing to do, because it means we can compare the ones who say, do well at school or end up healthy or happy or wealthy as adults, and the ones who struggle much more, and then we can sift through all

8、 the information weve collected and try to work out why their lives turned out different.收集成千上万的小孩子的信息真的是一件很厉害的事，因为这意味着我们可以将那些在学校表现好或者成年后变得健康、快乐或富有的小孩跟那些苦苦挣扎的小孩进行对比，然后从收集到的信息中进行筛选试着去找出为什么他们的生活会变得大不相同。This British study - its actually a kind of crazy story. So it all starts back in 1946, just a few m

9、onths after the end of the war, when scientists wanted to know what it was like for a woman to have a baby at the time.They carried out this huge survey of mothers and ended up recording the birth of nearly every baby born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week.这一项英国的研究事实上是一个疯狂的故事。它最初开始于1946年，也就

10、在二战结束后的几个月，当时科学家想要知道，在当时一个妇女有了小孩会是怎样的。他们对妈妈们进行了这项巨大的调查并最终纪录下了几乎所有在一个星期内出生在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士的小孩。That was nearly 14,000 babies. The questions they asked these women are very different than the ones we might ask today.They sound really old-fashioned now.They asked them things like, During pregnancy, did you

11、get your full extra ration of a pint of milk a day? How much did you spend on smocks, corsets, nightdresses, knickers and brassieres?那是将近一万四千个小孩。他们当时问这些妇女的问题跟我们今天要问的问题大不相同。这些问题现在看起来真的很守旧。他们问的问题是像这样的：“在怀孕期间你是否每天都得到了额外配给的一品脱牛奶？”“你在罩衫、紧身内衣睡衣、短裤以及胸罩上花了多少钱？”And this is my favorite one: Who looked after y

12、our husband while you were in bed with this baby?Now, this wartime study actually ended up being so successful that scientists did it again. They recorded the births of thousands of babies born in 1958 and thousands more in 1970. They did it again in the early 1990s, and again at the turn of the mil

13、lennium.而我最喜欢的是这一个：“你跟小孩在床上的时候，谁照顾你丈夫？”这项战争时代的研究最终非常成功，科学家后来又重新进行了这项研究。他们纪录下了成千上万的出生于1958年的小孩并且纪录下了更多出生于1970年的小孩。他们在上世纪90年代早期又做了一次，然后在千禧年前后又做了一次。Altogether, more than 70,000 children have been involved in these studies across those five generations. Theyre called the British birth cohorts, and scien

14、tists have gone back and recorded more information on all of these people every few years ever since. The amount of information thats now been collected on these people is just completely mind-boggling.总共有超过七万个小孩参与到了这项研究中来横跨了五代人。他们被称为英国出生组群。科学家每隔几年会重访所有这些人并收集纪录下更多的信息。从这些人那里收集到的信息总量，是完全不可想像的。It inclu

15、des thousands of paper questionnaires and terabytes worth of computer data. Scientists have also built up a huge bank of tissue samples, which includes locks of hair, nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA. Theyve even collected 9,000 placentas from some of the births, which are now pickled in plastic b

16、uckets in a secure storage warehouse.它包含了数千份的调查问卷，和巨量的电脑数据。科学家还建立了个巨大的标本数据库里面存有头发、指甲、婴儿的牙齿以及DNA。他们从一些分娩中收集了9000个胎盘，这些胎盘现都储存塑料桶里，存在个安全的储存室中。This whole project has become unique - so, no other country in the world is tracking generations of children in quite this detail. These are some of the best-stu

17、died people on the planet, and the data has become incredibly valuable for scientists, generating well over 6,000 academic papers and books.这整个项目是独一无二的这世上没有任何其它国家这么细致地对几代小孩进行跟踪调查。这是一些这个星球上被研究得最透彻的人，这些数据对科学家来说有无可估量的价值，由此产生了超过6000篇的学术论文和书籍。But today I want to focus on just one finding - perhaps the mo

18、st important discovery to come from this remarkable study. And its also the one that spoke to me personally, because its about how to use science to do the best for our children.So, lets get the bad news out of the way first.但是今天，我要关注的只是其中的一项发现也许是这个伟大研究里最重要的发现，它对于我个人来说也是挺有意义的，因为它是关于如何利用科学去为孩子们做到最好的。

19、首先我们来说一说坏消息。Perhaps the biggest message from this remarkable study is this: dont be born into poverty or into disadvantage, because if you are, youre far more likely to walk a difficult path in life.Many children in this study were born into poor families or into working-class families that had cram

20、ped homes or other problems,也许这个伟大研究发出的最大的消息就是：不要出生在贫穷落后的家庭，因为如果你出身不好，你就更有可能走上一条艰难的人生道路。这个研究中的许多小孩都出生在住在狭窄的房子里，或者有其它各种问题的贫困家庭或工人阶级家庭，and its clear now that those disadvantaged children have been more likely to struggle on almost every score.Theyve been more likely to do worse at school, to end up wi

21、th worse jobs and to earn less money.Now, maybe that sounds really obvious, but some of the results have been really surprising,so children who had a tough start in life are also more likelyto end up unhealthy as adults.现在很清楚的一点是这些处于劣势的小孩更有可能在几乎每个方面中挣扎。他们可能在学校表现得更糟糕，最终找一份更糟糕的工作并赚更少的钱。也许这些听起来像是明摆的事，但

22、是也有一些结果令人很吃惊，那些人生的起点就很艰苦的小孩也更可能在成年后身体没有那么健康。Theyre more likely to be overweight, to have high blood pressure, and then decades down the line, more likely to have a failing memory, poor health and even to die earlier.Now, I talked about what happens later, but some of these differences emerge at a re

23、ally shockingly early age.他们更可能超重，患上高血压，然后几十年后，更有可能记忆衰退、身体不佳甚至死得更早。我上面谈到的都是一些后期的影响，但是有一些差异是在一个令人震惊的早期就显现出来的。In one study, children who were growing up in poverty were almost a year behind the richer children on educational tests, and that was by the age of just three.These types of differences have

24、been found again and again across thegenerations. It means that our early circumstances have a profound influence on the way that the rest of our lives play out.在其中的一个研究中，贫困家庭长大的小孩在教育测试上要比富裕家庭的小孩落后一年，而这还只是在他们3岁的时候。这种的差异在几代人之间一次又一次的被发现。这意味着我们早期的生活环境对我们的余生有着更深远的影响。And working out why that is is one of

25、 the most difficult questions that we face today.So there we have it. The first lesson for successful life, everyone, is this: choose your parents very carefully.Dont be born into a poor family or into a struggling family.Now, Im sure you can see the small problem here.而找出这其中的原因, 是我们今天所面对的最困难的问题之一。我

26、们现在已经有答案了各位，获得成功人生的第一堂课是：小心地选择你的父母。不要出生在一个贫困的家庭。我敢肯定你们可以看出这里的一个小问题，We cant choose our parents or how much they earn, but this British study has also struck a real note of optimism by showing that not everyone who has a disadvantaged start ends up in difficult circumstances.As you know, many people h

27、ave a tough start in life, but they end up doing very well on some measure nevertheless, and this study starts to explain how.那就是我们不能选择父母或者他们的收入水平，但这项英国的研究通过展现不是所有出身卑微的人最终都陷入困境因此带来了希望。正如你所知道的，很多人出身贫苦然而最终在某些程度上来说过得也不错，而这个研究将要解释如何实现这个。So the second lesson is this: parents really matter.In this study,

28、children who had engaged, interested parents, ones who had ambition for their future, were more likely to escape from a difficult start. It seems that parentsand what they do are really, really important, especially in the first few years of life.所以第二课是：父母真的很重要。在这项研究中，那些拥有负责任的父母、得到关心的小孩会对未来有野心，并更可能从

29、贫困的生活中逃离出来。看来父母以及他们的行为真的真的很重要，尤其是在孩子刚出生到几岁大这段时间。Let me give you an example of that. In one study, scientists looked at about 17,000 children who were born in 1970. They sifted all the mountains of data that they had collected to try to work out what allowed the children whod had a difficult start in

30、 life to go on and do well at school nevertheless.In other words, which ones beat the odds.让我来举个例子，在一个研究中，科学家调查了大约一万七千个出生在 1970年的小孩。他们筛选了收集到的海量信息试图去找出是什么让这些出身贫苦的小孩能够坚持下去并在学校表现出色。换句话说，是什么让他们打败命运的魔咒。The data showed that what mattered more than anything else was parents. Having engaged, interested pare

31、nts in those first few years of life was strongly linked to children going on to do well at school later on.In fact, quite small things that parents do are associated with good outcomes for children.数据显示，比任何事情都重要的就是父母。从小拥有一个负责任、关心孩子的父母，和孩子之后在学校表现好有很强的联系。事实上，父母做的一些很小的事就能对小孩产生一些好的影响。Talking and listen

32、ing to a child, responding to them warmly, teaching them their letters and numbers, taking them on trips and visits. Reading to children every day seems to be really important, too.So in one study, children whose parents were reading to them daily when they were five and then showing an interest in their education at the age of 10, were significantly less likely to be in poverty atthe age of 30 than those whose parents werent doing those things.倾听他们说的，亲切地回应他们，教他们字母和数字，带他们去旅行。每天为孩子们朗读故事似乎也很重要。因此在一个研究中，那些父母在孩子