英语情态动词用法详解.docx

1、英语情态动词用法详解英语情态动词用法详解一、单项选择情态动词1Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition. You _ have fixed full attention on it.Acan BshouldCneed Dmight【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：看！你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should have done结构，can have done表示可能；need表示需要；might have done表示可能做过某事；故选B。2-H

2、i, Johnson, any idea where Susan is?-It is class time, so she _ in the classroom now.Acan be Bmust have beenCmight have been Dshould be【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词的用法。A. can be可能，可以是；B. must have been一定（对过去事实肯定的推测）；C. might have been可能（对过去事实肯定的推测）；D. should be应该是。句意：知道苏珊在哪里吗？现在是上课时间，她应该在教室里。故答案选D。3The room is so

3、 clean. He _ have cleaned it yesterday evening.Awill BneedCcan Dmust【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：房间如此干净，他一定是昨天晚上打扫过了。must have done表示对过去发生的事情有把握的猜测，意思是“一定（做过）”，故D项正确。4 Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? Well, if you _. I can put on more clothes.Acan BmayCmust Dshall【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意

4、思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够；B. may可能；C. must一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选C。5It wasnt right to me that such near neighbors not know one another.Acould BwouldCshould Dmight【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：对我来说，很不正常，如此近的邻居居然不认识。A. could可能，能够；B. would将；C. should竟然；D. might可能，也许。should 作

5、为情态动词，可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，常常译为竟会、居然，住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外，所以答案选C。【点睛】should的用法1、should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用.例如：You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once.2、should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 s

6、hould 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if。例如：If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ）3、should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可”、“倒”。例如：I should say that it would be better to try it again.4、should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的.尤其在以

7、why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如：How should I know it ? 我怎么会知道这件事?5、should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论,通常译为“可能”、“总该吧”,相当于 be expected to 。例如：They should be home by now, I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。6、should 作为情态动词,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case （that） 引导的条件状语从句中,有“能够”、“可能”

8、、“会”之意。例如：They got up early so that they should （= could/ might） catch the first bus in time.7、should 作为情态动词,可以用于下列虚拟语气句中：(1） 用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中,构成“ If should （do sth）, would/ could/ might （do sth.） ”句式。(2) 用在 suggest （propose）, arrange, plan, decide, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist

9、等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。本句中should 作为情态动词，可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的，常常译为竟会、居然，住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外，所以答案选C。6What happened to the young trees we planted last week?The trees _ well, but I didnt water them.Amight grow Bneednt have grownCwould have grown Dwould gro

10、w【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。我们上周种的小树怎么了?这些小树本来会长得很好,但是我们没有给 它们浇水。根据语境可知,此处是对过去的事实进行假设,故本题选C。7Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _say where he was.Amustnt Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dmightnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：“数天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但不肯告诉我他在哪里。”mustnt“禁止”；shouldnt“不应该”；wouldnt“不情愿”；mightnt“不可能”。8It has

11、been announced that all the students _ put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.Ashall Bwill Cneed Dmay【答案】A【解析】【详解】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：所有学生们应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染非典病毒，这已经被宣布。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，故选A项。9Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived

12、half an hour early.Aneednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dcouldnt【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。needt have done 本不必要做某事，句意：迈克本不必要着急的。他以全速驾驶后，他早到了半个小时。wouldnt不会，mustnt禁止，couldnt不可能，所以选A。10The weather turned out to be fine. I _ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.Ashould have taken Bmust have takenCcouldnt have taken Dnee

13、dnt have taken【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词 + have done。句意：天气转晴了。我本不必费心把伞带在身边。A. should have taken本应该做某事，而实际上没做； B. must have taken对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测；C. couldnt have taken不可能；D. neednt have taken本来不需要，故选D。11Daddy, would you please buy me an iPhoneX?If you can pass this midterm examination, you _ have one as a rewa

14、rd.Amust BneedCwould Dshall【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：爸爸，你可以给我买部iPhone X吗？-如果你通过考试，你就会得到一部作为奖励。A. must一定；B. need必要；C. would将，会；D. shall会。根据语境可知，这句话是父亲对子女的允诺，故选D。【点睛】shall的用法。1. shall作为助动词，一般用于第一人称和We，表示一个将来的动作，构成将来时态。shall后面接动词原形。例如：（1）I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.我将考虑一下此事，然后告诉你我的想法。（2

15、）We shall have a good time in the park.我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。2. shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：What shall we do this evening?3. shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?4. shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：You shall fail if you dont work hard

16、er. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）He shall be punished. （威胁）比如本题，根据语境可知，这句话是父亲对子女的允诺，故选D。12Our English teacher is considerate，helpful，and warm-hearted，but sometimes she_ be angry at our silly mistakes.Ashould BmustCcan Dshall【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们的英语老师很体贴、乐于助人、热心肠，但有时她可能为

17、我们愚蠢的错误而发火。can表示一种客观的可能性，但不一定会发生，故C项正确。13Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.Ashould have done Bneed have done Cwould have done Dmust have done【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起

18、来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。由“in the old days”可知，本句表示对过去事情的假设。故选C项。14Keep up your spirits even if you _ fail hundreds of times.Amust BneedCmay Dshould【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情

19、态动词。A. must必须；B. need需要；C. may可能，或许；D. should应该。句意：即使失败了几百次，也要振作起来。此处表示一种不确定的推测，故选C。15What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ it better.Aneed have done Bmust have doneCcan have done Dmight have done【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意：真遗憾啊！考虑到他的能力和经验，他也许可以做得更好。can have done较少使用此结构，表示对过去行为的

20、怀疑；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑；need have done需要做某事，实际上却未做（表示虚拟语气）；must have done一定做了某事（表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测）；might have done表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。故D正确。【点睛】本题是高考必考考点，一定要牢记句型意思。must have done过去肯定做了某事。should have done本应该做而实际未做。cant have done过去不可能做了某事；shouldnt have done 本不应该做而实际做了。need have done本有必

21、要做某事而没做；neednt have done本没有必要做某事；注意没有mustnt have done的形式。16Well make the final decision on our scheme. _ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.AShould BWere CWould DHad【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意，请尽快通知我们。根据语境，此处用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用should+动词原形，省略if，should提前，陈述句

22、是：If you should change your mind。故选A。【点睛】虚拟语气中的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，移至句首：1）If he should fail, he would kill himself.Should he fail, he would kill himself.万一失败，他就会自杀。2）If I were you, I would do it at once.Were I you, I would do it at once.假若我是你，我就会马上做。要是我能做此事，我一定会做

23、。3）If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词，有一种特殊的用法：在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，可以把should放在句首，即主语前，从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为：If you should change your mind。故选A。17While it wasnt the g

24、oal of the trip, I was rewarded with fresh insights, ones that _ to me during the regular course of business.Amight never happen Bcould never have happenedCshould not happen Dneednt have happened【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：虽然这并不是这次旅行的目的，但我得到了一些新的领悟，那些领悟在我的日常生活中是本不可能发生的。此处考查虚拟语气，“我得到新的领悟”发生在过去，故此处是与过去事实相反

25、，应用could/might/would/need/should+have done，“本不可能发生”是could never have happened，故选B项。【点睛】本题考查“情态动词+have done”的虚拟语气，其常用表达有：could have done本能做某事而未做 couldnt have done不可能做了某事should have done本应该做某事而未做 shouldnt have done本不应该做某事而做了would have done本会某事而未做 wouldnt have done本不会做某事而做了need have done本需要做某事而未做 needn

26、t have done本不必要做某事而做了18Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You_ have made full preparations.Amust Bcan Cwould Dshould【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用

27、于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。故选D【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。19I

28、f we had paid enough attention to the issue of the heavily-overloaded vehicles, the tragedy of the collapse of an overpass in Wuxi _ avoided.Ashould Bcould be Cshould have been Dcould have been【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：如果我们对超载车辆问题给予足够的重视，就可以避免无锡立交桥垮塌的悲剧。本句为“情态动词+have done”结构，结合句意表示“本来可以；本来能够”应用could

29、have done结构，且主语与谓语动词avoid构成被动关系，故应用be done形式。故选D。【点睛】情态动词+have done的结构和用法有以下几种：一、must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，“肯定/必须已经干过”，在否定句和疑问句中用cant或couldnt或can/ could，例如：1.From what you said, she must have told you all about it. 从你的话看，她一定告诉了你所有的事情。二、can/could have done sth.本来能够做某事，而实际

30、上未做；1.But we could have done it all so much better. 但是，我们本可以把这一切做得更好。三、cant/couldnt have done sth.不可能做过某事；1. We couldt have done it without you.没有你我们办不成这事。四、ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事而实际上并没有做。You should have done it when you first saw them blooming this spring. 你应该在今年春天第一次看到它们盛开的时候就挖一些的。2.Even if its something you should have done earlier in the week or missed a detail on.甚至你在一个星期前的就提早完成了一件事或者忽略了一个小细节。20You _ be right but Im going back to check anyway.Ashould Bmust Cneed Dmight【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你或许是对的，但我还是要回去核对一下。A. should应该；B. must一定，必须；C. ne