高考英语二轮备考练习16语法填空.docx

1、高考英语二轮备考练习16语法填空2018高考英语二轮备考练习-语法填空2017年高考真题1.【2017全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some

2、unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and s

3、alt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will

4、get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good fo

5、r the health.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61.as 考查介词。根据句意“这一趋势最开始被医学界作为一种治疗心脏病方法”可知这里表达“作为”之意，所以答案填as。62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， requir

6、e sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉 分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。67. is

7、 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词，所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。69.careful 考查词类转换。此句是一个祈使句，以系动词be开头，系动词后面接形容词作表语，所以care转换成形容词careful。所以答案填careful。70.which 考查定语从句。根据句意“跟其他食物一样，吃得太多也是有可能的，但这对健康不利”，设空处应该指代前面

8、整句话，所以只能用which引导非限制性定语从句，所以此处填which。【名师点睛】语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为

9、副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词例如第62题has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名

10、词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词例如第70题it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。2. 【2017全国卷】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形

11、式。In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. T

12、his included digging up the road, _63_ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. H

13、owever, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introd

14、uce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.61. crowds考查名词，crowd前没有冠词，而且它是可数名词，故填crowds。62. from

15、考查介词，to and from来回，故填from。63. laying考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。64. the考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.65. were used考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，故填were used.66. fairly 考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.67. it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.68. managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故

16、填managed.69. introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.70. successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.3.【2017全国卷】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level cours

17、e .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York.Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model f

18、ulltime But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to

19、 take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a l

20、ittle unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model my more.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文，介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期学业要放在首位。61. resting考查非谓语动词。 固定短语：spend time doing sth62. a考查冠词。 model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 “一个”，故填a。63. was told 考查动词。根据句意判断谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式，主语Sarah是第三人

21、称单数，故填was told。64. who。此题考查定语从句，而且是用逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句。指人的只能用who而不能用that了。如果是限制定语从句的话，那么who和that都可以使用。例如：I know the man who/that is standing there. The man who/that is standing there is famous.65. to prove。此题考查非谓语动词。根据动词want的用法，后面必须接to do。这里考生必须得记住动词与非谓语动词作宾语的固定搭配。例如：hope/ decide/ expect / refuse/manage.

22、to do。66. education。根据前面的介词和形容词性的物主代词可知要用名词形式。介词+名词构成介词短语。以t或者te结尾的大多是加ion构成名词。例如：invent-invention，direct-direction，translate-translation，dictate dictation， appreciate-appreciation。另外常见的名词后缀还有-ment，-sion，-ing等。例如：announce-announcement，amuse-amusement，amaze-amazement，permit-permission，admit-admission

23、，possess-possession，build-building，box-boxing，begin-beginning。67. invitations。此题考查名词的形式（单复数）。根据前面的形容词several（几个的，各自的）可知，这里要用复数形式。此题简单，就是直接加s即可。可以判断用复数形式的形容词还有：few，a few，some，many，a good many，a number of等。例如：I have a few/a number of friends/books.另外做题时还得记住构成名词的复数形式。例如：tomato-tomatoes，city-cities，chil

24、d-children，woman-women，man-men，Chinese-Chinese，sheep-sheep，tooth-teeth等等。68. in。此题考查介词。介词一般是与动词或者名词一起构成词组的。这里的词语搭配是：get/take a degree in sth获得在.方面的学位。例如：He got a bachelors /masters /doctors degree in physics from Beijing University last year.去年他在北京大学获得了学士/硕士/博士学位。介词是高考试题中常考的一个词法项目，必须加以重视。平时要都积累一些介词短

25、语。例如：accuse sb of指控某人有.罪，be on vacation在度假，at a loss困惑，不知所措，be crowded with挤满了., be caught in突然遇上（风、雨等）等。69. comes。此题考查动词的时态。根据全文的时态所知，这里要用一般现在时。时态的考查主要是根据全文来考查的，做题时一定要根据全文或者上下句来考虑。70. certainly。此题考查副词。由It is fun（主系表）得知，fun是形容词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词以及整个句子。这里是修饰动词is,所以用副词，意思是：当然是。4.【2017浙江卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内

26、容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her

27、 long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says PahlssonSixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected

28、that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and six had picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband

29、 now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里采摘胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的那种失而复得心情。56. 考查名词

30、。根据“one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.”，及“a handful of ”，可知用名词复数，故填carrots。57. 考查形容词。“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。58.考查固定句式。根据“Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house”，sothat,如此以至于，故填so。59.考查代词。I had hurt 59

31、(I)，主语为I,横线处为宾语，替代主语时，应用代词。故填myself。60.考查形容词。says Pahlsson Sixteen years 60 (early)，用形容词比较级修饰Sixteen years，Sixteen years earlier16年前；故填earlier。61.考查动词不定式。Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal，一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以用不定式表目的状语。故填to cook。62.考查动词时态。根据“but turned up nothing”，可知句子为过去时，“Pahlsson a

32、nd her husband 62 (search) the kitchen”故填searched。63.考查动词。“Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish”，ring与sweep之间是被动关系，故填swept。64. 考查连接词。 “ 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. ”句子结构完整，先行词为the garden，表示地点，定语从句中缺少相对应的地点状语，故填where。65. 考查冠词。Its return was 65 wonder, wonder是名词，was是动词，应使用冠词修饰名词。故填a。【名师点睛】在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57题，“she notice