中考英语必备动词专题讲练结合含答案.docx

1、中考英语必备动词专题讲练结合含答案中考英语-动词适用学科英语适用年级初三适用区域课时时长（分钟）120分钟知识点教学目标教学重点教学难点教学过程一、复习预习复习前一节课学习过的知识点二、知识讲解： 考点一 动词的分类 实义动词 实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据能否带宾语，又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词 borrow, enjoy, put, forget, worry, love, guess, use不及物动词 arrive，come，go，run，walk，cry，swim，fall，happen连系动词 连接主语和表示主语身份、

2、性质、状态的动词称为连系动词。 be，seem，look，become，get，grow，feel，appear，turn助动词 本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语动词，表示时态、语态、语气等特征。帮助构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等。有人称和数的变化。be(am, is, are)，do(does, did, done)，have(has, had)， shall，will 情态动词 情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等，表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。can，could，may，might，must，need，shall

3、， should， will，would 动词短语常见以下六种类型：1. 动词+介词，宾语位于介词后。例如：look for; listen to; talk about/with; think about2. 动词+副词，代词作宾语时须用“动词+代词+副词”形式；名词作宾语可以在副词前，也可在副词后。 例如：turn on/off/ up/down; pick up; call up; take out3. 动词+副词+介词，宾语位于介词后。例如：come up with; run out of; get on/along with4. 动词+名词+介词，宾语在介词后；名词前可以加形容词限定

4、。例如：take (good) care of; take pride in; pay (more) attention to5. 动词+名词（后无宾语）。例如：take place; lose heart6. be+形容词+介词，形容词前可加程度副词。如very等。例如：be proud of; be angry with; be interested in考点二 动词的时态 一、时态构成一般现在时 主语+动词原形+其他主语（第三人称单数）+动词的单数形式+其他一般过去时 主语+动词过去式+其他一般将来时 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他主语+be going to+动词原形+其他

5、现在进行时 主语+am/is/are+v. -ing+其他过去进行时 主语+was/were+v. -ing+其他现在完成时 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他中学阶段见到的其他时态过去完成时 主语+had+过去分词+其他过去将来时 主语+would+动词原形+其他 主语+was/were going to+动词原形现在完成进行时 主语+have/has+been+现在分词+其他二、时态的应用及动词变化形式1. 一般现在时(1)一般现在时的用法表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态，常与always，often，sometimes， every day等频率副词或时间状语连用 I often

6、 go to school at seven. 我经常在七点钟去上学。 We visit Uncle Liu every month. 我们每月都去看望刘叔叔。表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east. 太阳在东方升起。在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will leave. 如果明天不下雨我将离开。go，come，leave，arrive等瞬间动词常用一般现在时表示计划、安排好的将要发生的动作 The train for Beijing leaves at 5: 30. 开往北京的火

7、车5: 30离开。(2)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则一般情况下直接加-s readreads writewrites runruns swimswims以-ch, -sh, -s, -x或-o结尾的词加-es teachteaches washwashes gogoes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-es，但“元音字母+y”则直接加-s trytries carrycarries studystudies staystays playplays saysays2. 一般过去时(1)一般过去时的用法表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。通常与yesterday, last yea

8、r, in 1976, a few months ago等表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I met him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇到他了。表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。通常与often, usually, seldom等表示频度的副词连用，但这种用法是以一个过去时间为前提的。例如：He often went to school by bus last term. 上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他

9、就不去了。(2)动词过去式的变化规则及读音一般过去时常用动词的过去式表示。不规则动词的过去式有其特殊形式，要特别记忆。be动词的过去式为was/were。规则实义动词的过去式是在动词原形后加-d或-ed，其变化规律见下表：例词 规律总结 读音规则playplayed; helphelped 一般直接加-ed 清辅音后读/t/，如 helped, laughed浊辅音，元音后读/d/，如lived, stayed/t/和/d/后读/Id/，如needed, startedmovemoved; useused 以不发音的e结尾的加-d studystudied; carrycarried 以辅音字

10、母加y结尾的变y为i再加-ed stopstopped; fitfitted; fixfixed 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母(x除外)结尾的重读闭音节双写结尾字母再加-ed 3. 现在进行时(1)表示现在（说话瞬间）正在发生的动作，常见的时间状语有now，at the moment等。如果句首有提示性动词look，listen等，主句也用现在进行时They are watching TV now. 他们现在正在看电视。Listen! The bird is singing in the tree. 听！鸟儿正在树上唱歌。(2)表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直进行的动作 She is wo

11、rking in a factory. 她正在一家工厂工作。表示位置移动的动词，如come，go，leave，arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作 Im coming. 我这就来。We are leaving tomorrow. 我们将明天离开。(3)现在进行时与always，all the time等副词或短语连用常表示某种强烈的感情 Alice is always thinking of others. 艾丽斯总是想着别人。现在分词的变化规律： 规律总结: 1. 以不发音的e结尾的动词去e再加-ing makemaking havehaving2. 以一个单独发音的元音字母

12、+ 一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing swimswimming runrunning(shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer，babysit)3. 以-ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing lielying tietying4. 不符合上述情况的直接加-ing playplaying singsinging4. 过去进行时构成 肯定句：S+was(were)+v. -ing+其他否定句：S+was(were)+not+v. -ing+其他一般疑问句：Was(Wer

13、e)+S+v. -ing+其他表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行或发生的动作。（动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明）常用时间状语at 9: 00 a. m. yesterday; at this time last night；from seven to nine; when, while引导的时间状语从句【温馨提示】(1)在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作用过去进行时，另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。例如：My pen dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 在公园散步的时候，我的钢笔掉到地上

14、了。(2)表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，不考虑动作的先后顺序，主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时，连词常用while。例如：The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework. 学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。5. 一般将来时（1）一般将来时的构成：will +动词原形(主语是第一人称时也可用shall +动词原形)be(am, is, are) going to +动词原形（2）一般将来时的用法：表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与tomorrow, soon, la

15、ter, next time, in+一段时间等连用。例如：Ill start tomorrow. 我明天动身。“be going to +动词原形”用于表示主观上打算将来要做某事，这种打算往往是事先安排好的或表示可能要发生或肯定要发生的事情。如：She has bought some cloth and she is going to make herself a dress. 她买了一些布，准备为自己做一件连衣裙。【温馨提示】一般将来时的其他表达方式(1)“be +doing”表示按计划安排好的事情，常与少量表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，start，move，leave等连用 Im

16、 leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我就要动身去北京了。(2)在表示车、船、飞机等的进出时间时，可以用一般现在时表示将来 My plane will take off/takes off at 6: 30 a. m. 我乘坐的飞机将在早上6: 30起飞。6. 现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构成have/has+动词的过去分词have/has为助动词，无实际意义(2)现在完成时的用法表示说话之前已经完成了的动作，而且这个动作对现在仍有影响，常与already，yet， in the past few years等时间状语连用：I have seen the film

17、already. 我已经看过这部电影了。（已知电影内容）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与by now，so far，since/for等时间状语连用I have studied in the school since 2009. 自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。用现在完成时来描述一个从过去一直延续到现在的动作时，其谓语动词一定要用延续性动词。现在完成时中的时间状语表示的是一段时间时，句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化对照表：非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词borrow/lend keep die be deadopen be op

18、en close be closedbuy have join be in/a member ofleave be away(from) finish/end be overbegin/start be on arrive/come be here/ incatch/get a cold have a cold marry be married (3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯的叙述过去发生的事情，强调过去，与具体的表示过去的时间连用 例：Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。（不知道现在是否还

19、住在北京）（2）现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去，但是对现在有影响 例：Tom has lived in Beijing for two years. 汤姆住在北京两年了。（现在汤姆仍然还在北京）7. 过去完成时(1)构成：主语+had+过去分词(2)用法：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作（即“过去的过去”）。因此使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提，通常用by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句来表示。例如：After the sun had set, we decided to return home. 太阳落山以后，我

20、们决定回家。用于宾语从句，从句表示在主句以前发生的动作。She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁让门开着的。现在完成时与过去完成时的区别现在完成时与过去完成时的用法相同，只是作为衡量标准的时间不同；现在完成时是以现在这个时刻作衡量标准，而过去完成时是以过去某个时间作衡量标准 如：He has travelled to most of the cities in China in the past five years. 五年来他已经游遍了中国的大多数城市。 When we got there, the football match had

21、already started. 当我们赶到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。8. 过去将来时(1)过去将来时的构成：would + 动词原形should + 动词原形was/were + going to + 动词原形(2)过去将来时的用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；常用的时间状语有two days later, the next week, the following day等Tom said he would come. 汤姆说他要来的。Linda said she was going to see her aunt. 琳达说她打算去看

22、她的姑妈。Mr Green told us we were going to have a party at the weekend. 格林先生告诉我们周末我们要办一个晚会。【温馨提示】在由if引导的条件状语从句中，主句是过去将来时，if从句只能用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：They said that they would go fishing if it didnt rain the next day. 他们说如果第二天不下雨，他们就去钓鱼。真题链接：【2014铜仁】Where is Mr. Zhao? He _ to Mount Fanjing. Hell come back _ a

23、 week.A. has been; in B. has gone; after C. has gone; in D. has been; after【答案】A【2014河北】Im busy now. I _ to you after school this afternoon. A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. have talked 【答案】C【2014黄冈】I suppose you are at least 60 years old.Thank you. Im glad you _ that. My real age is 362.A. say B.

24、said C. are saying D. were saying【答案】B【2014连云港】Beijing and Zhangjiakou applying to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in 2013. A. begin B. Began C. have begun D. had begun【答案】B【2014长沙】Your brother is an excellent basketball player. So he is. He to play basketball three years ago. A. has started B. s

25、tarts C. started【答案】C【2014长沙】Little Tom computer games when his mother got home. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing【答案】C【2014河北】44. I saw Ken in the meeting room, he _ Joe for the school magazine. A. interviews B. interviewed C. has interviewed D. was interviewing 【答案】D【2014河北】42. Monica, you _ t

26、he exam! Congratulation! A. pass B. have passed C. will pass D. are passing【答案】B【2014河北】Someone _ at the door. Can you open it? A. knocks B. knocked C. is knocking D. was knocking 【答案】C【2014达州】Have you ever _ an amusement park? Yes, I have. I _ Fun Times Amusement Park last year.A. been to, have gon

27、e to B. gone to, have been to C. go to, went to D. been to, went to【答案】D【2014河南】24. Are you going anywhere? I _ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind. A. think B. have thought C. will think D. thought【答案】D【2014河南】33. Does the bus go to the beach? No. You _ the wrong way. You want the

28、Number 11. A. go B. were going C. are going D. would go【答案】C【2014陕西】On May 22, a Han taxi driver _ an old lady to the hospital as soon as he could in Xinjiang. A. sent B. sends C. is sending D. has sent 【答案】A【2014黔西南州】I _ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it. A. left B. went away from C. ha

29、ve left D. have been away from 【答案】D【2014北京】What do you often do at weekends? I often _ my grandparents. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit【答案】A【2014北京】What were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon? I _ the classroom. A. was cleaning B. have cleaned C. will c

30、lean D. clean【答案】A【2014北京】He _ in this factory for 20 years already. X Kb 1.C om A. will work B. works C. has worked D. is working【答案】C【2014南京】Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour. Because I _ my task yet. I still need one more hour. A. wont finish B. didnt finish C. havent finished D. hadnt finished 【答案】C【2014鄂州】 A new shop _ for a week nearby. Lets have a look there. Good idea. But it doesnt _ on Mondays. A. opened; opened B. has been opened; open C. has opened; opened D. has been open; open【答案】D【2014扬州】Has your friend completed his design? Not yet.