1、各种状语从句及练习北 京 四 中 从句(二)状语从句状语从句就是一种作状语用得从句,修饰主句中得动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句,补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。 时间状语从句:通常用下列从属连词引导:when, while, as, before, after, since(自从以来), till (until), as soon as(刚一马上就), once(一旦), whenever等。如:Ill give the note to him as soon as I see him、我一瞧见她就马上把这条子给她。The first bell was already rin
2、ging before she got to the school gate、她走到学校大门之前,头遍铃已经响了。Ill go and see her after I get the new dress、我买到新衣服之后要去瞧她。I wont go home until I have finished my homework、我直到做完作业再回家。As you study a globe, you may notice that most of the large land areas are connected、当您研究地球仪时,您会注意到多数大块陆地就是相连得。Once he unders
3、tood, he did what he was told to do、一旦她明白了,她就按照吩咐得去做。When clothes are washed, they dont get dry very easily、洗了得衣服不容易干。He has read a lot since he was a child、她从小时候起已经读了许多书。Ill discuss the problem with you whenever you are free、无论您什么时间有空,我就同您讨论这个问题。 the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly等副词
4、式连词也可引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”,相当于as soon as, 此时前面不可再加连词,也不可加at, in, on等介词。如:I went home directly I had finished work、我一干完活就回家了。Please phone me immediately you get home、您一到家就给我打个电话。I loved her the moment I saw her、我一瞧见她就爱上了她。I want to see him the minute he arrives、她一来到我就要见她。* hardly when与 no soonerthan得意义相当于a
5、s soon as, 也可引起时间状语从句,但只能用过去时,即从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句谓语动词用过去完成时。如:I had hardly fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow、= Hardly had I fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow、我刚一睡着就觉得有人轻轻碰了碰我得胳膊肘。I had no sooner come home than it began to snow、= No sooner had I come home that it began
6、to snow、我刚一到家天就开始下起雪来了。 every time, each time, by the time, soon after, shortly after等表示时间得短语也可作为连词使用,引导时间状语从句,此时前面也常不再加连词。如:Each time he comes to Baoding, he comes to see me、每一次她来保定得时候都来瞧我。You grow younger every time I see you、我每一次见到您得时候您都显得更年轻。Shortly after he took office, the Southern States rebe
7、lled、她任职之后不久,南方各州就叛乱了。By the time he was fourteen years old, he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks、到十四岁得时候,她已自学了课本上得高等数学。until 与not until:当主句中得动词就是延续性动词时,常用:until, 表示主句得动作延续到从句表示得动作发生或完成为止。如:Jim stayed up until his mother came back last night、昨晚吉姆一直熬夜到她母亲回来。I waited until he had
8、finished his work、我一直等到她做完工作。当主句中得动词就是非延续性动词时,常用: notuntil, 表示“直到才”如:Jim didnt go to bed until his mother came back last night、昨晚吉姆直到她母亲回来才睡觉。I wont stop shouting until you let me go、直到您放我走我才停止喊叫。* not until 置于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。如: Not until his mother came back did Jim go to bed、吉姆直到她母亲回来才睡觉。* not until
9、也可用于强调句型:It is/was not until that如:It was not until his mother came back that Jim went to bed、吉姆直到她母亲回来才睡觉。 before 从属连词,“在之前”,但在具体得句子中,译法多种多样。表示“才” “没来得及就” “后才”如:He measured me before I could get in a word、没等我插上一句话她就给我量好了尺寸。She was angry before I could explain to her、我还没来得及向她解释,她就生气了。He asked a seco
10、nd question before I could answer the first question、我还没来得及回答第一个问题,她又问了一个问题。I hadnt waited long before he came、我没等多久她就来了。We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot、不等天太热,我们一大清早就出发。They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up、她们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。We walked a whole day bef
11、ore we got to the forest、我们走了一整天才到了森林。*before 还常用于下列句型: It wont be before用不了(多长时间)就会It will bebefore得过(多长时间)才It wasnt before没过(多长时间)就It wasbefore过了(多长时间)才It will be a long time before we finish the task、我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。It wasnt long before he learned to use the computer、不久她就学会使用计算机了。It was some ti
12、me before he told me about this affair、过了一段时间之后她告诉了我这件事。It wont be long before we meet again、不久之后我们还会再见面得。 when, while 与as:when 既可引导一持续性动作,又可引导一短暂性动作。它可以表示主句得动作与从句得动作同时发生,或从句得动作发生在主句动作之前。如:When he was a child, he used to play toys、她小时候常玩玩具。(同时)When the class was over, we began to clean our classroom
13、、下课后我们开始打扫教室。(从句动作在前)while 指“在某一段时间里”或“在期间”,表示时段或过程,强调主句与从句得行为或状态同时发生或存在。因而while从句必须用延续性动词。如:While I was in San Francisco, I met him twice、当我在旧金山时,我见过她两次。Please dont talk so loud while others are working、别人在干活得时候,您们不要大声喧哗。as 当表示一个人得两个动作交替或同时进行时,多用as,表示“一边一边”。另外,当两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生时,多用as。这两种情况一般不用when,更
14、不能用while。如:She danced as she sang、她一边唱一边跳。Just as he caught the worm, he cried out、她刚抓住那只虫子,就大声叫了出来。* 当when引导得状语从句就是系表结构(名词作表语),其主语又与主句一致时,往往可用as引导得省略从句代替,应注意as在这里就是连词,不就是介词。如:When he was a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster、= As a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster、她年轻时开
15、过零售店,后来当过邮政所所长。* when 除了作从属连词引导时间状语从句,还可作并列连词连接两个并列分句,这样用时,when前可以用逗号,也可不用逗号。此时,when不译作“当得时候”,而常常表示“正在时,这时另一件事发生了”。其句型有三种形式:be about to do sth、 when 正要做某事时突然be doing sth、 when 正在做某事时突然had done sth、 when 某个动作刚开始或持续没多久,这时另一动作突然发生了如:I was about to start when the telephone rang、我刚要动身电话就响起来了。He was walki
16、ng by the sea when he heard a voice for help、她正在海边散步,这时突然听到呼救声。They had just begun to work when the machine broke down、她们刚开始工作,这时机器突然出故障了。 地点状语从句通常用where与wherever引导,二者意义基本相同,但后者感情色彩强。如:Good comrades want to go where work is hard、好同志要到工作艰苦得地方去。Where there is oppression, there is resistance、哪里有压迫,哪里就有
17、反抗。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most、我们要到祖国最需要我们得地方去。Stay where you are、留在原地别动。 地点状语从句与关系副词where 引导得定语从句得区别:定语从句前有一个表示地点得名词作先行词,地点状语从句无此特征;地点状语从句可放在句首,而定语从句不可。如:He found the pencil where he had left it、(where前面无表示地点得名词,状语从句)I found the pencil in the desk where I had left it、( where 前面
18、有表示地点得名词,定语从句) Where there is water and air, there is life、哪里有空气与水,哪里就有生命。( 状语从句)The village where I was born was very small、我出生得那个村子很小。(定语从句) 原因状语从句通常由连词because, as, since, now that等引导。如:As he was busy, he didnt come、因为她忙,所以她没来。Because he was ill, he didnt go to school、因为她病了,所以没去上学。Now that you hav
19、e come here, you should stay here、既然您来了,就呆在这儿吧。 because, since, as, 与for 得用法辨析:because 表示直接而明确得原因或理由,语气最强,其引导得状语从句就是全句得重心所在,既可置于主句前,也可位于主句之后,主要用来回答why;as语气不如because强,它引导得从句常置于主句之前,主句与从句表达得内容同等重要;since 意为“既然”,它所表示得理由就是说话者与听话者所共知得,主句就是全句意思得重心所在,只表示事情关系上得自然结果,它所引导得从句常置于主句之前;now that与since, as同义,其区别就是no
20、w that用来提出一种新得情况,从句与主句得因果关系很小,而since与as连接得句子因果关系比较明显;for连接得就是并列句,不能位于句首,它所表示得就是附加得理由,就是推断得理由;在强调句中只能用because引导从句。如:-Why did he drop out of school? 她为什么辍学?-Because he has no money、 因为她没钱。The oil must be out, for the light went out、一定没油了,因为灯灭了。(对前面主句内容得原因得推测)The light went out because the oil was out、
21、灯灭了,因为没油了。(表原因)It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet、昨晚一定就是下雨了,因为地上就是湿得。(对前面句子做附加说明得理由)Now that you are free today, you may go out for a walk、既然您有空,就出去走走吧。Since he says so, it must be true、她既然这么说,那一定就是真得。It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us、(强调句中只能用because引导) 目得状语从句用来引导
22、目得状语从句得连词有:in case(以免,以防), for fear that(以免,惟恐), so that(以便), in order that(以便)等如:You must be quiet in case your sister is frightened、您一定要保持安静,以免吵醒您妹妹。They asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “look”、她们请求赶兽得把这头兽停下来,好让她们能瞧一瞧。He left early in order that he might be in time to a
23、ttend the meeting、为了能及时参加会议,她动身很早。 结果状语从句通常用so that, sothat, suchthat等引导如:It was very cold, so that the river froze、天很冷以至于河都结冰了。He ran so quickly that I couldnt catch up with him、她跑得很快以至于我赶不上她。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspape
24、r、她进步如此之快,不久就开始用英语给一家美国报纸写文章。 so that引导目得状语从句与结果状语从句得区别:引导目得状语从句时,从句主语后常有may, might, can, could等情态动词,引导结果状语从句时一般没有这些词;so that结果状语从句前可有逗号,而目得状语从句没有;(sothat常引导结果状语从句)如:We hurried so that we might not miss the train、我们匆匆忙忙为得就是不误车。(目得)I got up quickly so that I caught the train、我起得很早,结果赶上了火车。(结果)He didn
25、t plan his time well, so that he didnt finish the work in time、她没有把时间计划好,结果没及时完成工作。(结果)Jack is so clever a boy that he can work out difficult problems quickly、杰克很聪明,因而能很快得解出难题。(结果)He turned up the radio so that everyone could hear the news、她把收音机音量开大一点,以便大家都能听见新闻。(目得)Bob turned off the alarm so that
26、he could sleep late in the morning、鲍勃关掉闹钟以便早上能睡懒觉。(目得)The teacher raised his voice, so that all the students heard him clearly、老师提高了声音,结果所有得学生都听得很清楚。(结果) so that 与 such that 之间得转换:so + adj、/adv、 + thatso + adj、 + a/an + 单数名词+ thatsuch + a/an + adj、 + 单数名词+ thatsuch + adj、 + 复数名词或不可数名词+ that如:He is s
27、peaking so loud that I hear him even from here、 她说话得声音如此大以至于我甚至在这里就能听到。This is so interesting that I have read it twice、 这本书如此有趣以至于我读了两遍。It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic、天气如此好以至于她们去野餐了。It is such an interesting book that everyone wants to read it、 这就是如此有趣得一本书,每个人都想读它。 条件状语从句通
28、常由以下连词引导:if, unless, on condition that, suppose, in case(如果,万一), as /so long as(只要)等如:If you are thirsty, water far away cant help you、远水不解近渴。So long as we do not divorce ourselves from the masses, we are certain to be victorious、只要我们不脱离群众,我们就一定会胜利。You cant expect the reception to be clear unless the radio set is properly tuned it、如果不把收音机调好,您不可能指望收到清晰得播音。Suppose we cant get the necessary equipment, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到必要得设备,那我们怎么办?Well let you use the room on condition that y
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