10年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类 c级 阅读文章译文.docx

1、10年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类 c级 阅读文章译文2010年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类 C级 阅读文章译文Breast Cancer Deaths Record Low 乳腺癌死亡率创新低 The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began. 妇女死于乳腺癌的记录已经下降到了历史最低，一年中死于乳腺癌的人数降到不足12000人，这是有史第一次 The Cance

2、r Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007. 英国癌症研究中心的数据显示，2007年英国妇女死于乳腺癌的人数是11990。 The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971-the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s. 先前的最低点是在1971年，即开始做该统计的那一年。之后，直到20世纪80年代末期，死亡率逐年攀升。 Pr

3、ofessor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UKs chief clinician, said: incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.英国癌症研究中心的首席临床医师彼得约翰逊教授说：虽然被诊断为乳腺癌的病例越来越常见，但是看到死于乳腺癌的女性比过去40年的任何时候都少真是令人欢欣鼓舞

4、。 disease.科学研究在对女性患者进行更有效地治疗和更好地管理的过程中起到了至关重要的作用。 国民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed. with the disease-a 50% rise in 25 years. 国民保健制度乳腺扫描计划的引进也做出了贡献，因为早期诊断出的癌症患者更容易生存下来。在英国，乳腺癌是现在的最常见的癌症，每年有45500位女性被诊断出患乳腺癌-这个数字在2

5、5年中增加了50 The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004. There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls. 死亡的人数在1989年达到最高-15625位妇女死亡。接着死亡人数每年减少200到400人，这持续到2004年。这一数学在2005年有轻微的上升，然后是两年的下降。 Dr Sarah Cant, policy

6、 manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said: cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breastscreening and awareness of the disease. 突破乳腺癌的政策经理莎拉肯特博士说：越来越少的妇女死于乳腺癌，对改善治疗，乳腺扫描和疾病意识的影响力的着重强调，都是令人振奋的消息。发生率) of the disease is increasing year by year. 然而仍然有很多妇女患病，这种疾病的发生率仍在逐年增加。The rising

7、 rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity(肥胖) and alcohol consumption. 不断上升的乳腺癌发生率归因于多种因素，其中包括肥胖和饮酒。 1 。 Organ Donation and Transplantation 器官捐赠和移植 1 Organ donation(捐献) and transplantation(移植) refers to the process by which organs or tissues from on

8、e person are put into another persons body. 器官捐赠和移植是指把一个人的器官或组织移入另一个人的身体的过程。 2 The number of people needing a transplant continues to rise faster than the number of donors. About 3,700 transplant candidates are added to the national waiting list each month. Each day, about 77 people receive organ tr

9、ansplants. However, about 18 people die each day waiting for transplants that cant take place because of the shortage of donated organs.一直以来，需要器官移植的人数比捐助者的人数增加的速度快。每个月约有3700名等候移植者被添加到全国等候移植的名单中。每天大约有77人接受器官移植。然而，于缺乏捐献器官而无法进行移植的等候者中，每天有18人死亡。 3 There are no age limits on who can be an organ donor. Ne

10、wborns as well as senior citizens have been organ donors. If you are younger than 18, you must have a parents or guardians consent (同意). If you are 18 years or older, you can show you want to be an organ and tissue donor by signing a donor card.器官捐献者没有年龄限制。新生儿以及老年人都可以成为器官捐献者。如果你的年龄未满18岁，那么你必须得到家长或监护

11、人的同意。如果你的年龄在18岁以上，你可以签署捐赠卡，以表明你愿意成为器官和组织的捐赠者。 4 Many people think that if they agree to donate their organs, the doctor or the emergency room staff wont work as hard to save their life. This is not true. The transplant team is completely separate from the medical staff working to save your life. The

12、 transplant team does not become involved with you until doctors have determined that all possible efforts to save your life have failed. 许多人认为如果他们同意捐赠器官，医生或急诊室的医务人员就不会如不捐赠那样努力来挽救他们的生命了。事实并非如此。移植团队和拯救你生命的医务人员是完全分离的。移植团队不会和你打交道，除非医生确定所有可能挽救你生命的努力都已经失败了。 5 If you need an organ transplant, your doctor

13、will help you get on the national waiting name will become part of a pool of names. When an organ donor becomes available, all the patients in the pool are compared to the donor. Factors such as blood and tissue type, size of the organ , medical urgency(紧急) of the patients illness, time already spen

14、t on the waiting list, and distance between donor and recipient(接受者) are considered. 如果你需要器官移植，你的医生会帮助你进入全国等待移植的名单中。你的名字将被加在一批人的名字当中。当器官捐献者出现时，在这批名单中的所有患者都会和捐献者比对。很多因素会被考虑，如血液和组织类型，器官的大小，患者的病情是否紧急，等候的时间，捐赠者和接受者之间的距离。 。2 第一篇 U. S. Eats Too Much Salt美国人食盐量过多 People in the United States consume more th

15、an twice the recommended amount of salt, raising their risk for high blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes, govemment health experts said on Thursday. 周四，政府部门的健康专家表示，美国人的食盐量比推荐食用量的两倍还多，这增加了他们患高血压、心脏病以及中风的危险。 They found nearly 70 percent of U. S. adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit

16、from a lower-salt diet of no more than l,500 mg per day, yet most consume closer to 3,500 mg per day. 健康专家发现近七成的美国成年人属于高危人群，如果他们每天的食盐量不超过1500毫克，则会从中受益，然而大多数美国成年人的日食盐量接近3500毫克. important for people to eat less salt. People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattem that includes a diet low in sodium(钠)

17、and rich in potassium(钾) and calcium(钙) can improve their blood pressure, Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement. 疾病预防控制中心的达尔文拉巴德博士在一份声明中谈到：少吃盐对人们很重要。采用低钠、高钾、高钙的饮食方式有助于维持心脏健康、改善血压状况。拉巴德说：人们需要了解推荐日食钠量的限制并采取措施减少钠的摄入量。The study in CDCs weekly report on

18、 death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than l,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered high-risk groups. 疾病预防控制中心每周公布的死亡和疾病的研究报告采用了全国普查的数据，结果显示三分之二成年人的日食钠量均不应超过1500毫克，因为他们是被视为高危人群

19、的黑人或者年龄超过40岁的人。 Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day, according to a 2005 - 2006 CDC estimate. 然而，据疾病预防控制中心2005年到2006年的估计，美国大多数人的日食钠量为3436毫克。 Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged, processed and restaurant foods. The CDC said it will join other agen

20、cies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply. 大多数食用钠都来自于袋装的、加工过的食品和餐厅食品。疾病预防控制中心称其将和美国卫生与公共服务部的其他部门一道联手主要食品生产商和连锁餐厅来降低食品供应中的钠含量。 Nationwide, 16 million men and women have heart disease and 5

21、. 8 million are estimated to have had a stroke. Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks, the CDC said. 疾病预防控制中心称，全国已有1600万人罹患心脏病，估计还有580万人已患中风。减少食盐量可以使患这些疾病的风险降低。 。3 第二篇Sharing Silence 分享寂静的世界 Deaf teenagers Orlando Chavez and German Resendiz have been friends since kindergarten (幼儿园). Toget

22、her the two boys, who go to Escondido High School in California, have had the difficult job of learning in schools where the majority of the students can speak and hear. 聋哑少年Orlando Chavez和 German Resendiz从幼儿园起就已经是好朋友了。这两个一起去上加州的Escondido中学男孩在绝大多数学生能正常听和说的学校里会有学习方面有些困难。 Orlando lost his hearing at t

23、he age of one, German was born deaf, and his parents moved from Mexico to find a school where he could learn sign language. He met Orlando on their first day of kindergarten. Orlando在一岁时失聪， German 天生耳聋。 German 的父母从墨西哥搬走是为了能找到一个他 能学习手势语的学校。German 在上幼儿园的第一天就与ORLANDO相遇了。 “We were in a special class wit

24、h about 25 other deaf kids.” German remembers. “Before then. I didnt know I was deaf and that I was different. 回忆“ 我们在一个还有另外25聋哑儿童的特殊班级里，在那之前，我不知道自己耳聋，也不知道自己有什么不同。” “Being young and deaf in regular classes was very hard,” signs Orlando. “The other kids didnt understand us and we didnt understand the

25、m. But weve all grown up together, and today. Im popular because Im deaf. Kids try hard to communicate with me. ” Orlando打手势说：“年龄小并耳聋在正常的班级是很难的。 其他的孩子不理解我们，我们也不懂他们。但是我们一起成长直到今天，因为耳聋我很受欢迎。孩子们也努力和我交流。” Some things are very difficult for the two boys. “We cant talk on the phone, so if we need help, we

26、cant call an emergency service,signs. “And we cant order food in a drive-thru. ”某些事情对于这两个孩子来说是很难的。German打手势说：“我们无法在电话上通话，因此假如我们需要帮助时，我们是无法拨打紧急服务电话的。同时我们也无法享受免下车订餐服务。” Despite their difficulties, the two boys have found work putting food in bags at a local supermarket. They got their jobs through a “

27、workability” program, designed for teenagers from local schools with different types of learning disabilities. 尽管有他们的困难。这两个男孩已经在当地的超市找到了给食品打包的工作。他们是通过一个“工作能力”项目计划得到工作的，这个项目是专门为当地学校有不同类型学习障碍的学生设置的。 German has worked in the supermarket since August, and Orlando started in November. German从八月份就在这里上班了，

28、Orlando是11月份开始上班的。 “The other people who work here have been very nice to us,“They even sign sometimes. At first, we were nervous, but weve learned a lot and were getting better. ” Orlando说：“在这上班的其他人对我们都很友好，有时候他们甚至也打手势。起初，我们很紧张，但是我们已经学到了许多东西，而且我们相处的更好了。” The opportunity to earn money has been exciti

29、ng, both boys said. After high school, they hope to attend the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in New York. 两个男孩说，赚钱的机会是很令人开心的。中学毕业之后，他们希望去上纽约的聋哑人科技学院。4 第三篇 (Acceptance of Chronic Illness) 认可接受慢性病吧 For chronically ill patients, giving up the hope that they will get better may actually lead

30、 to 1 more happiness, U. S. researchers suggest.美国研究人员表示，对慢性病的病人来说，放弃身体状况会变好的希望可能会使他们更幸福。 their life, it can get in the way of happiness,release.密歇根大学卫生系统的Peter 博士在一次大学的新闻发布会上说：“希望是快乐的一个重要部分，但是希望有时候会有不好的一面。有时候，如果希望使人们不能适应自己的生活，那么希望就会阻碍幸福”. He and his colleagues studied patients whod just had a colos

31、tomy (结肠造口术), which means their colons (结肠) were removed and they had to have bowel (肠) movements in a pouch (小袋) outside the body. At the time of the surgery, some patients were told the procedure was reversible and theyd have a second operation in a few months to reconnect their bowels. Other pati

32、ents were told the colostomy was permanent. 他和他的同事研究了刚刚做完结肠造口术的病人。结肠造口术就是他们的结肠被移出，并且他们不得不在一个身体外面的袋子里排便。在他们做结肠造口术的时候，一些病人被告知这个手术是可逆的。他们将在数月后接受第二次手术，重新建立正常的大便通道。而另外一些病人被告知这个手术是永久性的。 The patients were followed for six months, and the researchers found that those without hope of regaining normal bowel function were happier than those with reversible colostomies. 跟踪病人六个月后，研究者发现，那些放弃恢复正常肠功能希望的人们比那些有希望的人们要开心的多。 had no choice but to play with those cards,Ubel said.