第2部分 专题5 动词时态语态和语气.docx

1、第2部分 专题5 动词时态语态和语气专题五动词时态、语态和语气全国卷考情分析(对应学生用书第262页)一般时态先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2017哈师大附中月考)Do you know if Betty will go hiking this weekend?Betty? Never! She hates(hate) strong sunlight.2(2017安徽安庆五校联考)I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday.I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you will be(be) a bigger m

2、an.单句改错In 2016，I feel I needed a new challenge so I decided to take a filmmaking course.feelfelt再解读要点一、一般现在时1一般现在时的构成主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是：一般情况直接加shatehates结尾为s，x，sh，ch或o，在词尾加esdiscussdiscusseswashwashesteachteachesfixfixesgogoes结尾

3、为“辅音字母y” 变y为i再加escarrycarriesstudystudies2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块

4、散步。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。二、一般过去时1一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则变化规则例词一般情况

5、在动词后加edlooklooked以e结尾的动词后加dhopehopedlikeliked以“辅音字母y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加edstudystudiedtrytried以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加edstopstoppedpreferpreferredadmitadmitted permitpermitted2.一般过去时的用法表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other

6、day，last week，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。(2016全国卷)In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。三、一般将来时1一般将来时的构成由“shall/will动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。2一般将来时的用法表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in一段时间等连用。“will动词原

7、形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。What time is it? 几点了？I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。3其他表示“将来”的结构及用法(1)“be going to动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。(2015天津高考)Whether in the home or the workplac

8、e，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。(2)“be to动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。(3)“be about to动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。(新课标全国卷)Tom was about to close the wind

9、ows when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。易错警示如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时(would/should动词原形)。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I would/should do next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。进行时态先试做题组单句语法填空1(2017北京朝阳区期中联考)Can I help you，madam?No，thank you.I am waiting(w

10、ait) for my order.2(2017河南省部分重点中学联考)A boy trembled in the cold winter，wrapping his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.He wasnt wearing(not wear) warm clothes and the temperature was 10.3(陕西高考)Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon?Im sorry，but by then I will be flying(fly) to Beijing.

11、How about five?再解读要点一、进行时的构成现在进行时由“am/ is/are现在分词”构成；过去进行时由“was/were现在分词”构成；将来进行时由“will/shallbe现在分词”构成。现在分词的变化规则如下：变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加ingaskasking以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加ingwritewritingtaketakingfacefacing以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加ingcutcuttingbeginbeginningswimswimming以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加inglielyingdiedying二、

12、进行时的用法1现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。(江苏高考)I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like?我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词。(重

13、庆高考)Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before theres none left.洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。2过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten oclock yesterday等连用。(2015湖南高考)He must have sensed that I w

14、as looking at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。(2016北京高考)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。3将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与

15、一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。(2015天津高考)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。完成时态先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2016北京高考)I have read(read) half of the English novel，and Ill try t

16、o finish it at the weekend.2(2015北京高考)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She had given(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.单句改错(2017成都七中诊断)This is the first time I had come to Chengdu and I am truly impressed by the lifestyle of people here.hadhave再解读要点一、完

17、成时的构成现在完成时由“have/has过去分词”构成；过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成。二、完成时的用法1现在完成时(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。(2016江苏高考)He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。

18、(天津高考)In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world.在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since时间点； for时间段等。(湖南高考)I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？Sorry，I havent pla

19、yed the piano for years.抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？2过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。(2016天津高考)When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadnt seen

20、 for years.沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time从句等。(北京高考)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，sup

21、pose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。3常使用完成时的句型(1)This/It /That is the first /.timethat sb.has/have done；This/It /That was the first /.timethat sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。It was the third time(that)he ha

22、d made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。(2)It(This)is/was the最高级名词(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。(3)It is/has been一段时间since sb.did；It was/ had been一段时间since sb.had done sth.自从以来多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely).when./ no sooner.than.( 一就)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚

23、到家，大雨就倾盆而下。现在完成进行时先试做题组单句语法填空1(2016江苏高考)Dashan，who has been learning(learn) crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition.2(2017浙江瑞安四校联考)Tom has been working/has worked(work) in the library every night over the last three months.3They had b

24、een working(work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we are working(work) on it as no good results have come out so far.再解读要点一、现在完成进行时的构成考纲对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been现在分词。二、现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去。常见的时间状语：all this morning，this mont

25、h，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。(2016北京高考)Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for?打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours.新版的星球大战，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。(2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。(2016北京高考)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their

26、efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。动词语态先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2017江苏高考)He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he was being followed(follow). 【导学号：44040129】2(2016江苏高考)More efforts，as reported，will be made(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside

27、 structural reform.单句改错(2017北京高考)In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones hadnt invented yet.在invented前加been再解读要点一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态由“be过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：形式时间一般式进行式完成式现在am/ is/ are doneam/ is/are being donehave/ha

28、s been done过去was/were donewas/were being donehad been done将来shall/will be doneshall/will havebeen done被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。(2015安徽高考)It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。(2015重庆高考)In my hometown，there is always

29、 a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。易错警示(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参

30、加。(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等(安徽高考)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。We get paid by the week.我们按周获得薪酬。三、主动形式表示被动意义1“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。2当sell，r