不用背的语法秘籍第二单元第一节八大时态.docx

1、不用背的语法秘籍第二单元第一节八大时态第二单元 时态与语态一 .一般现在时一般现在时-经常性或习惯性动作，与频率时间状语连用。1. 谓语形态：动词原形或主语为第三人称单数时，动词要加s或es2. 经常性或习惯性动作，与频率时间状语连用。3. 格言、警句、客观真理、客观存在、科学事实，一些表示恒定不变的性质时，都要使用一般现在时。4. 表示现状的状态能力、性格、特征和个性时，都要使用一般现在时。5. Come/go/move/stop/leave/arrive/be/finish/continue/start等此类词本身表示计划，将要发生的动作等，常用一般现在时表示将来的状况6. 在时间状语从句

2、或条件状语从句中的重点考点-主将从现-用一般现在时代替一般将来时例句：1. The earth moves around the sun.2. The train comes at 3 oclock.2一般过去时一般过去式-表示在过去的时间内，动作已发生或完成。谓语形态：动词要变为过去式。一般是动词后+ed或不规则变化1. 一般过去式表示在过去的时间内，动作已发生或完成。2. 标志词：通常,一般过去时带有表示动作发生的时间的词,词组或从句,如yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,two days ago等,但上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。3.

3、 过去经常,反复发生的动作,也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达。used to也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。I used to go fishing on Sundays.During the holiday he would go fishing.This river used to be clean.4. 使用一般过去时的特殊句型如下:(1)Its time+(that)从句。Its time we had supper.(2)sb.+wish+(that)从句。How I wish you lived closer to me!(3)sb.+would rather+(

4、that)从句。I would rather I were a little younger.3一般将来时一般将来时-一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态谓语形态：shall 征求对方意见,主语是第一人称时,常用shallwill do 表示将来的意愿、 决心、许诺、 命令等时常用willis/am/are going to do 也是一般将来时结构,表示打算、计划或根据目前情况判断某事即将发生。I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.He will go to see his mother every Saturday.We will going to meet y

5、ou next week.1. 使用一般将来时的特殊句型如下:“be+动词不定式” 表示有职责,义务、可能、约There is to be a meeting this afternoon.“be about+动词不定式”表示马上很快就要做某事,后面一般不接时间状语。 They are about to leave.4正在进行时正在进行时-*表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作,它注重现在正在进行的动作,而并不侧重动作从什么时间开始,到什么时候结束。*现在进行时也可表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时这个动作不一定在进行。谓语形态：is/am/are+doing例句：-What are

6、 you doing now?-I am looking for my key.The students are preparing for the examination these days.1. 有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态（瞬间性动词和可持续动词的区别）表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词。如:be,have等.表示认识、知觉和情感的动词。如:know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer.2.某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有arrive,come,go,leave,start等。They are going to Hon

7、g Kong tomorrow. 5过去将来时过去将来时-表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,这一时态较多地被运用在宾语从句中。谓语形态：Would do Was/were going to do例句：I thought they were going to have a meeting.我以为他们将要开会。I told him that I would see him off at the station.我告诉他我会去车站送他。6过去进行时过去将来时-表示过去某一时刻 某段时间正在进行的状态或动作。谓语形态：was/were+doing1. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：两者都

8、是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去的事情。如:They were building a house last month。They built a new house last month.2. 在过去时态中，区分when和while的应用，理解延续性动词与非连续性动词在过去时态的时间状语从句中,如果两个动作同时发生,延续性的动作用过去进行时,非处续性的动作放一般过去时。在when 引导的从句中,主从句的调语动词既可以是非延续性动词也可以延续性动词,要根据实际情况用一股过去时或过去进行时:while导的

9、从句中谓语动词必须是延续性的,用过去进行时,而主句用一般过去时,如果两个延续性动作同时进行,二者都可用过去进行时,在这种情况下,whiie 比 when 更常用.如.*When I entered the room,he was writing a letter.*The doorbell rang while my mother was cooking the dinner.*The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework.3.不用进行时态的动词表示感觉、情感、存在、从属、思维的动词通常不用进行时态

10、。如:（1）表示感觉:see,look,notice,smell,taste,hear.（2）表示情感:love,like,hate,want,wish,prefer,refuse,fear,forgive(原谅).（3）表示存在:be,stay,exist(存在),remain(保持),obtain(获得).（4）表示从属或占有:have,possess(拥有),own(拥有),contain(包含),belong(属于),consist of(由.组成）。（5）表示理解或思考:understand,know,believe,think,doubt(怀疑),forget,7现在完成时现在完成

11、时-过去发生的动作或状态对现在产生了影响或联系。谓语形态：have/has done（过去分词）1. 常见的时间标志词：already，yet,before,recently,for,since,never,ever,once,twice 等I have lived in this city since I was born.我从出生以来就住在这座城市。2.固定的短语有:“for十一段时间”,“since十一段时间十ago”,或者“since十过去的时间点”,so far,/up/tonow,in the past/last three years等.如:I have been here si

12、nce two months ago.两个月之前我就在这里了。八过去完成时过去完成时-过去发生的动作或状态对过去产生了影响或联系。表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或某个动作相比较时才会用到。谓语形态：had done（过去分词）We had already had lunch before we arrived there.在我们到那里之前,我们已经吃过午饭了。(过去的过去,动作是had had lunch)I had reached the station before 9:00oclock.9点前我

13、就到了车站.1.过去完成时常见的时间状语如行中有表示时间状语的词组,如by the time,by the end of,by then,before nine oclock yesterday,by the end of last year,by the age of twenty 等使用过去完成时态;句中有when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句,若主句为一般过去时态,从句表达过去发生的动作时,使用过去完成时态.如:When he had finished his work,he left his office.他做完工作之后,离开了办公室。完成时态的重点.难点一since和

14、 for 的用法区别Since用来说明动作的起始时间for,用来说明动作延续的时间长度。1.使用since 的情况。(1)since后接“一段时间+ago”.如:I have been here since five years ago.我五年前就待在这里了。(2)since后接一个过去的时间点。如:Since last Tuesday,I have been busy.(3)since后接一般过去时态的句子。如:I have visited many beautiful places since I came to Canada.2. 使用for的情况.for后接一段时间如:I have t

15、aught English for about 15 years.二already和yet 的区别。already多用于肯定句,通常位干过去分词之前。如:I have already seen the film twice.yet用于疑问句或否定句的末尾:加,Ho hasnt seen the film yet.三非延续性动词与一段时间连用的三种方法。open，close，finish，begin，come，go，arrive，reach，getto，leave，move，borrow，buy，die非延续性动词不能直接跟表示一段时间的状语连用.非延续性动词与一段时间连用可通过以下三种万达:1

16、. 用相应的延续性动词替换come-be,close-be closed,open-be open,leave-be away,start-be on,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-be in,die-be dead,fall asleep-be asleep,go to sleep-sleep* I have kept the book for five days.2.用“非延续性动词的一般过去时十一段时间+ago”.如:His brother joined the army half a year ago.3.用“It is (has been)+时间段+since+

17、从句”It is three years since he bought the computer.四 have/has been to,have/has gone to,have/has been in的区别。have/has been to表示某人“去过某地”,现在已经不在某地了(人已经回来了);have/has gone to表示呆人去丁某地”,可能在去的路上,也可能已经到达某地(人没回来);have/has beenin表示“某人花某地可以村运山延续性时间状语连用.如:He has gone to the cinema.他去看电影了.(人没回来)He has been to the G

18、reat Wall twice.他去过长城两次。(人已回来)He has been in Tibet for two years.他在西藏待了两年.(表示动作的延续)五现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时的区别。 1.侧重点不同。现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响,而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即现在完成时侧重于现在的影响或联系,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间，强调动作已完成。而过去完成时表示的动作比过去发生的果动作还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(现在仍记得电影的内容) I

19、saw the film three days ago.三天前我看了这部电影.(强调是三天前,而不是别的时间看的电影)He had lived in America for eight years before he came to China.他来中国之前,在美国住了八年。2.时间状语不同。现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及“for十一段时间”,“since十过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与“一段时间+ago”,just now,yesterday,last week 等表示过去时间的状语连用;过去完成时则一般出现在

20、复合句中,如宾语从句和状语从句。如:She has lived here since two years ago.她内牛前就住在这里厂She lived here two years ago.两年前她住在这里。We went to the college after we graduated from high school.高中毕业之后,我们上了大学。6 think,hope,plan等用于过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算和意图。如:I had planned to go to Guangzhou for summer vacation last year.我去年本计划去广州

21、过暑假的。完成时态训练题小试牛刀1.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better2. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying3._ you _ your homew

22、ork yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish4. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt5. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . h

23、as been on . Began6. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see7. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 8. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for two hour

24、s. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away9. Ill lend you the bike, but you can only _ it for two days. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. Take10. She had written a number of books _C_ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 难度提高1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B.

25、never C.ever D.still2. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 3. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked4.These farmers have been to the United States

26、. Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 5. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. know B. had known C. have known D. Knew6. Our teacher_to Beijing three times. A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been7. She said she _D_ the principle already A

27、 .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 8. I _ the League for five years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join9. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has complet

28、ed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. Since 1942 he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away from C. has been away from D. moved away from10. The bus _ on the road for an hour. A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has be

29、en11. Tom _ the car for two months. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got12. Ben _ a teacher for early three years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. Became13. How long _ Mr Smith _? A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead14. The factory _ since the February of 1995. A. ha

30、s been open B. has opened C. was open D. Opened16. He_ that factory since 1958. A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to17 . .His grandfather_for thirty years. A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died18. .He_for three years. A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army19. He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 20. My parents _ Shandong for ten years .