沪教牛津版八年级上册英语教材.docx

1、沪教牛津版八年级上册英语教材沪教牛津版八年级上册英语知识点总结全册（广州地区）每单元必考语法点预览Unit 1 some与any的用法 & 复合不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody等的用法Unit 2基数词及数字的表达 & 序数词Unit 3形容词的比较级与最高级Unit 4 good, bad, far & (not) asasUnit 5现在完成时 & already, yet, ever, neverUnit 6 现在完成时中since, for & 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别Unit 7（真实性）条件状语从句 & ifnot 与unlessUnit 8情态动词s

2、hould, had betterUnit 1 Encyclopedias单词词 形词 性音 标中 文 意 思encyclopaedian.nsaklpid百科全书humanadjhjumn人的dinosaurn.dans恐龙Italiann.tljn意大利人inventorn.nvent(r)发明家musiciann.mjuzn音乐家scientistn.santst科学家bornv.b:rn出生；诞生countrysiden.kntrisad乡村intelligencen.ntldns智力；聪颖artisticadjrtstk艺术的；有美感的abilityn.blti能力，才能perhap

3、sadv.phps或许；可能inventionn.nvnn发明notebookn.notbk笔记本includevnklud包括；包含evenadv.ivn甚至howeveradv.haev无论如何；然而suddenlyadv.sdn:l意外地，忽然地nobodypron.no bdi没有人，无人fossiln.fsl化石winvwn获胜，赢dollarndl美元短语1.in the countryside 在乡村，在农村11.for example 例如2.human being 人12.next to 紧挨着3.die out 灭绝，消失13.look up 查阅4.find out 了解

4、，弄清14.live on Earth 生活在地球上5.go for a walk 去散步15.an Italian painter 一位意大利画家6.be born 出生16.used to do sth 过去常常做某事7.more than 多于，超过17.at the end of 在末尾8.just like 正如，正像18.in the centre 在中心9.how long 多久e out of从出来10.would like 想要20.be famous for 以而闻名重点句型1.Some dinosaurs wereas small aschickens.有的恐龙和鸡一样小

5、。2.Dinosaurslived on Earthmore than60 million years before human beings.恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。3.Suddenlydinosaurs alldied out.突然恐龙都灭绝了。4.However, we can learn about dinosaurs from their fossils.然而，我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。5.Nobodyknows why.没有人知道其中的原因。6.Would you likesome tea?你想要一些茶吗？课文翻译 Look it up! 查一查Here are t

6、wo articles from an encyclopedia. 这是一本百科全书中的两篇文章。Da Vinci, Leonardo达芬奇，列奥纳多Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he

7、 learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his note books include some interesting drawings of flying machines. (SeeArt)达芬奇（1452-1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。达芬

8、奇出生在农村。从很小的时候起，他就表现出了极大的智慧和艺术能力。随着年龄的增长，他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画非常有名，其中之一，蒙娜丽莎，也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如，他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器图纸。（见艺术） Dinosaurs恐龙 Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as

9、ten elephants. Some could even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, wecan learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history)恐龙在人类之前生活在地球

10、上超过6000万年。他们住在地球上的任何地方。有些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他和十头大象一样大。有些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而，一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了1亿5000万多年。突然，他们都死了。没有人知道原因。然而，我们可以从它们的化石中了解它们。（参见地球历史） More practiceAustralias big attractions澳大利亚的大景点Australia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.澳大利亚是一个很大的国家。它也有很多吸引人的地方。The Big Banana大香蕉The Big B

11、anana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.The idea worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things.大香蕉在科

12、夫斯港。它是由John Landy在1964建立的。兰迪想让人们到他的水果店去，所以他做了一个大香蕉。这个主意奏效了。许多人参观他的水果店，拍了一张大香蕉的照片。很快，澳大利亚各地的人们开始制造大的东西。 The Big Merino大美利奴羊 The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to

13、 the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in Australia. Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merinos head and look at the view through its eyes.大美利奴人在Goulburn市。美利奴羊是一种绵羊。他们可以在干燥的天气里生活。澳大利亚有些地方很干燥，所以这些羊对那里的农民很重要。在大美利奴的内部，有一个关于澳大利亚羊毛历史的小博物馆。游客也可以爬到大美

14、利奴的头上，透过它的眼睛看风景。知识点解析1. Is my encyclopediauseful?1)useful:有用的，有益的，有帮助的 a useful book2)use+ful= useful名词+ful=形容词3)以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词。eg:useful-uselesscareful-carelesshelpful-helpless2. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.动词后加后缀-er/ -or构成一

15、种职业。eg:teach教- teacher教师sing唱- singer歌唱家visit参观- visitor参观者invent发明- inventor发明家3. cookv.烹饪 My mother cooked a delicious meal for us.n.厨师My father is a famous cook.cookern.厨具Do you think rice cooker is a useful cooker?4. Look it up!查阅；查询，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查阅。We can look up new words in a dictionary.【拓展】

16、：look up仰视；向上看He looked up from his book as I came into the room.5. Da Vinciwas bornin the countryside.be born出生一般用于过去式was born/ were born-be born in +地点 I was born in Guangzhou.-be born in +某年/某月 Jim was born in July.-be born on+具体到某一天 The twins were born on 1stJanuary.6. From an early age, heshowe

17、d great intelligence and artistic ability.show1)出示，展示，显露，露出He showed his photo to me = He showed me his photo.2)流露，表示，表现He showed great interest in science when he was young.3)教，告诉，说明，指点He showed me the way on the map.7.His painting are veryfamous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous

18、painting in the world.famous= well-knownbe famous for由于.(事物)而出名 be famous as作为.(事物)而出名8. Dinosaurs lived on the Earthmore than60millionyears before human beings.more than超过；多于，相当于overless than少于They have more than a car.million百万1)与具体的数字连用时，不加s，后面直接接复数名词。There are about two thousand students in this

19、 school.2)固定短语：millions of（hundred, thousand, billion和million的用法相同）Millions of people help them in different ways.9. Some dinosaurs wereas small aschickens.As.as与.一样.1)当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as +形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“（A和B）一样”.This tree is as tall as that one.2)比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“

20、A不如B.”Our school is not as big as yours.as+adj(原级)+as和.一样 I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。not as+adj(原级)+as不如.He is not as strong as you.他不如你强壮 as many+可数名词+as和.一样多I have as many books as you (do)我的书和你的一样多as much+不可数名词+as和.一样多Drink as much juice as you want.你想喝多少果汁就喝多少。10.However,some dinosaurs liked to

21、eat meat.however “然而，但是”例：However,this does not always happen.however然而一般位于句首，能单独使用He likes music. However, his wife doesnt.but但是位于分句的句首，不能单独使用He likes music, but his wife doesnt.11. a/ the number of 用法a number of与the number of，二者的区别涉及到主谓一致的问题，它们修饰名词作主语时，谓语的数是不一样的。(1)a number of意思是“一些，若干”(= some)，后接

22、可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。 还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等(例如：a large/small number of许多/少数)。A number of students have read that magazine. 有很多学生都看过那本杂志。(2)the number of意思是“的数字/数目”，介词of同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰the number.当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： The number of wild animals has become less and less. 野生动物的数量逐渐减少。12.at the end of在.的末尾；在.的尽头+时

23、间/地点There is a park at the end of the road.We will have an exam at the end of the month.13.used to do 过去常常做某事，并且含有现在已不做之意。I used to go to that primary school.拓展：be used to doing sth 现已习惯做某事be used to do sth 被用来做某事14.help sb do sth =help sb with sth帮助某人做某事He often helps me study English.=He often hel

24、ps me with my English.【拓展】help oneself to .随便吃些.Help yourselves to some fish, children.Cant help doing .禁不住做. She cant help laughing.15. Just remember to think and to dream.remember及物动词Please remember the story.辨析：remember to do sth与remember doing sthremember to do sth记得去做某事（此事还未做）Remember to post h

25、is letter记得要为他寄信remember doing sth记得已做过某事（此事已做完）I remember posting his letter我记得已帮他寄过信。16.Somewhere small; others were huge.some.others.一些.另一些.others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.some.the others一些.其余的.the others指剩下的全部包含在

26、内的“其余的人或事物”There are many children on the beach. Some can swim but the others cant.语法：some /any复合不定代词教材典句1.I have some questions about dinosaurs.2.Do they have any questions about dinosaurs?3.Would you like some tea?4.We dont have any bread.重点语法全解：（一）some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些.”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。so

27、me一般用于肯定句any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。（二）some和any的特殊用法：some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。some+单数名词,表示某一复合不定代词thingbodyonesomesomethingsomebodysomeoneanyanythinganybodyanyoneeveryeverythingeverybodyeveryonenonothingnobodynoone注意：复合不定代词+形容词，形容词后置something hot something interesti

28、ng something importantanything possible anything else nothing wrong Is there anything else I can do for you? 有什么其他事情要我为你做的吗?Theresnothingwrongwiththemachine.机器没有毛病。I have something interesting to tell you.我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词单数。例句：Everything looks great.所有东西看起来都很不错。Everyone has his own gift.

29、 每个人都有自己的天赋。Someone wants to see you outside. 外面有人想见你。Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。/一切皆有可能。习题练一练： 一、根据中文提示填空。(1)I heard strange just now. 我刚刚听见一些奇怪的声音。 (2)Theres left in the fridge. 冰箱里什么都没有剩下。 (3)Would you like to eat? 你想要吃点什么吗？ (4)Can you lend me money? 你能借我一些钱么?二、选择题( )(1) .Not in our class likes playing football. Some of them like playing basketball.A .anyone B.everyone C .nobody D.someone( )(2). Id like some tea. Sorry, we dont have .