职业英语理工B小抄版全.docx

1、职业英语理工B小抄版全2014职称英语教材理工类B级第四部分、阅读理解第十八篇 Thirst for Oil Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planets surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire ye

2、ar, we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil. Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when e

3、nergy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make

4、a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful: its reserves are five times larger than oils. Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly

5、fuelling automobiles. The US consumes n quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves. But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North S

6、ea. Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when

7、demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon, and burning the entire reserves

8、could eventually raise world temperatures by 130 C. Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice. 词汇: devour /di5vauE/v.吞没，耗尽 accessible /Ek5sesEbl/adj.可使用的，可得到的 dense /dens/adj.密集的 rainforest /5rein5fCrist/n. (热带)雨林 pump /pQmp/v.用泵抽吸

9、 reliance /ri5laiEns/n.依赖，依靠 petroleum /pi5trEuliEm/n.石油，原油 oil shale油页岩 dwindle /5dwindl/v.减少 tar sand沥青砂 diesel oil柴油 destruction /dis5trQkFEn/n.破坏.毁灭注释: 1. Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refuge:美国阿拉斯加北极国家野生动物保护区。 2001年，美国众议院通过了一项基于布什提出的在那里进行石油开采的议案。该议案遭到环境保护主义组织的反对。因此，目前在该区禁止开采石油。 2. tonne:公吨(=

10、 1,000公斤。不同于 ton。ton:在美国等于二千磅 (=0.907公吨)，所以称作 short ton:短吨。练习: 1. “ we will need to cure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so? A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. B Oil supply is increasing all the time. C Demand for oil is increasing all the time. D Oil supply is decreasin

11、g. 2. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph? A Wood was the fuel of choice before coal. B The use of coal is declining. C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil. D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become

12、 the major fuel of choice. 3. Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum? A The United States. B Russia. C Norway. D Venezuela. 4. What do experts say about the earths fuel reserves? A The earths fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years. B There will soon be an energy crisis. C

13、 Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible. D Fuel demand will decline. 5. What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph? A Rainforests will be destroyed. B Arctic ice will be melted. C The earths temperature will be raised. D The sea level will go up. 答案

14、与题解 : 1. D 答案在第一段昀后一句中。这里的 supplies指 oil supplies。 2. C短文的第二段告诉我们，木材曾经是主要燃料来源，然后被煤所替代；自人们开始采油后，对煤的需求下降了，但因为媒的储量远大于石油，它可能又会成为主要燃料，尽管它对环境昀具破坏力。所以 A、B、D均是作者的意思，而 C不是。 next to oil除石油以外。 3. A文章的第三段说，美国消耗全世界四分之一的石油。 4. B答案在第五段第二句中。该段第一句说，地球上的燃料储量将在 50年内耗尽，所以 A不是正确选择；第三句的意思是，常规燃料的获取将变得困难，而不是不可获得，所以 C也不是正确选

15、择； D明显不是作者的意思。5. D 选项 A、B、C都是昀后一段中所表达的意思。所以 D是正确选择。第十八篇石油匮乏全世界每天都要消耗相当于 2亿桶石油的能源。地球上的大部分能源来自于太阳。事实上，每分钟到达地球表层的来自于太阳的能源就足已满足我们一整年的需求，我们只是需要有效地加以利用而已。到目前为止，石油一直是一种较便宜、易获得的能源。但当供应缩减时，情况就会改变，我们就不能像现在这样不加节制地消耗石油了。在蒸汽工业革命时代，高能煤成为首选燃料之前，燃木能满足大部分能源需求。现在，煤仍然大量地运用于发电站，满足我们四分之一的能源需求。但自从我们开始大量开采石油后，煤的使用就已经在逐渐衰退

16、。煤是使用效率昀低、昀不健康、昀不环保的化石燃料，但因其供应充足煤的储量是石油的 6倍，煤的使用昀又有所回升。今天，石油作为一种从地表层挖掘出，用于生产汽油、柴油和其他各种化学物质的矿物油，供应着大约 40%的世界能源需求，其中大部分用于供给机动车辆。叛国消耗着世界四分之一的石油，同时排放出大约全球 1/4的温室气体。大部分的石油来自中东，中东拥有 50%的世界已勘探石油储存量。其他的石油产地包括俄罗斯、北美、挪威、委内瑞拉和北海。阿拉斯加北极国家野生动物保护区昀新成为美国能源的又一主要供应地，减少了美国对国外进口石油的依赖。尽管意见和评价各有不同，但大多数专家预测人类将在 50年之内轻而易举

17、地耗尽现有的所有储备石油。未来的几十年，当供不应求时我们会很快陷入能源危机。当常规能源不容易获得时，代之使用的可能是诸如油页岩和沥青砂等能源。石油也可从煤中提炼获得。自从我们开始使用化石燃料，我们已经释放出 4000亿吨碳。当化石燃料全部用完时，世界温度将上升 13摄氏度。更恐怖的是，这将会导致所有热带雨林的破坏和北极冰的溶解。第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience(13年新未考) Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Techs Center for Musi

18、c Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil

19、Weinberg, the robots creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “b

20、rain” powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. In other words, if theres an “app” for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener ar

21、ound the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi da

22、nces to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave

23、a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps t

24、o expand Shimis creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the rob

25、ot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”词汇：pump v.用抽水机抽;

26、不断播放（音乐）scan v.扫描;浏览skip v.轻跳，跳跃sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步tempo n.速度;节奏注释：1. Georgia Tech:全称是 Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亚理工学院，建于 1885 年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学齒是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是全美最顶尖的理 工学院之一，排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTech)。2. pump:不断播放(音乐）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家广播电台近来连续播放流

27、行音乐。)3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手机系统支持的4. is billed as:相当于 is advertised as，意为“被标榜为”。5. docking station: 插接站,扩充基座，扩展插口-6. Android:(科幻小说里的)机器人。本文指用于智能手机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以Linus为基础的开放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设备。目前Android 尚未有统一中文译名，国内较多人翻译成“安卓”或“安致”。据2012年2月数据, Android 占据全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额,中国市场占有率为68.4%。7. doc

28、k：对接8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities:传感和音乐生成能力9. app:应用程序（=application)10. if the user taps a beat:如果用户打出某个(音乐）拍子11. in the works:正在准备阶段;在进行中或准备中12. intelligent service robots:智能服务型机器人练习：1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?A Shimi is a one-

29、foot tall robot.B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.C Shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an Android phone.D Shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?A It stores the beat in th

30、e musical library.B It transmits the beat to the docking station.C It positions its speakers for optimal sound.D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?A Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is

31、no exception.B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song.C Existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume.D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is deve

32、loping a stronger and more versatile Shimi.B Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech. to develop more apps for Shimi.C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization.D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes.5. Which of the following is Weinbergs assertion?A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones.B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.C Shimis creative and interactive capa