新课程高考英语专题复习考点总结详解版语法专题突破词法篇之数词.docx

1、新课程高考英语专题复习考点总结详解版语法专题突破词法篇之数词语法专题突破词法篇之数词重温高考.单句语法填空1(大纲全国)He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get _a_ second chance in the long jump.解析：在序数词前用a，则表示“再次，还有”之意。2(2017东北师范大学附中模拟)I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my _ninth_(nine) birthday.解析：句意为：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第

2、九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2017全国)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons._eighteeneighteenth_解析：表达多少岁生日用序数词，因此eighteen应该改为eighteenth。2(2017全国)I still remember how hard first day was._hard后加the/my_解析：句意为：我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。3(2017河南毕业班

3、高考适应性练习)Its a big city with a population of about 7 millions._millionsmillion_解析：million前有基数词7，须用单数。4(2017河南六市联考)I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in the early twenties, and with interests similar to mine._theher_解析：表示不确定的年龄，用“in ones逢十的基数词的复数形式”。考点精析基数词的构成及作用1常用基数词表oneeleventhirtytwotwe

4、lvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion2基数词构成歌诀1至12逐个记，13至19 teen结尾。20至90整十位，ty结尾是后缀。要是表示“几十几”，连字符十位连个位。若要表示“几百几”，hundred之后and立。若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加s。注意：(1)hundred, thousand, millio

5、n, billion等词前有基数词或several时，须用单数；与of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：six hundred peoplehundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of可省略；当dozen后面接these, those, them，us等词时，须先接of，再接这些词，但dozen仍不加s；dozens of中的of不可省。score用法和dozen相当，但of一般不省略。several dozen pencilsdozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggstwo dozen of them

6、two score of eggsscores of books3基数词的位置常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。another two daysall the ten booksone more appletwo such penshis last two days/his two last days4基数词的句法功能(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this ci

7、ty is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1常用序数词表firstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththirdthirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhund

8、redthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth注意：21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21sttwentyfirst；22ndtwentysecond；33rdthirtythird；100thone hundredth2序数词的句法功能(1)定语 the first day of the weekmy first visit to Beijing(2)表语You are the first to leave.(3)主语The second was even worse.(4)

9、同位语Tom, the first, is here.(5)宾语Do you prefer the first or the second?注意：序数词前一般要加定冠词the或形容词性物主代词。This is the first one.This is her second visit to Japan.序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”。Youd better try a third time.数词的应用1用于构成分数、百分数、小数one thirdtwo thirds/twothirdstwofifths of the st

10、udentsthirty percent of the watersix point four注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与of后面的名词的数保持一致，如：Seventy percent of her income was spent on clothes.2倍数表达法(1)A谓语倍数as原级asBThe bag is twice as big as that one.(2)A谓语倍数as many/much名词asBI have twice as many books as the (does)(3)A谓语倍数

11、比较级thanBThis classroom is three times bigger than ours.(4)A谓语倍数the size(width/length/height/depth等)ofBYour piece of bread is three times the size of mine.(5)A谓语倍数what从句The output of cars in 2017 was five times what it was in 2016.(6)A谓语.by倍数，表示“增加或减少了多少倍”The production has increased by four times th

12、is year.注意：表达倍数时，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“两倍”，用times表示三或三倍以上。3日期的表达(1)某年：in数字in 2018(2)某月：in月份in May(3)某年某月：in月年in May 2018(4)某年某月某日：on月日/on日月，年on May 1(st)/1(st) May,20184时刻的表达twentyone past/after eight或eight twentyonefour to/of nine或eight fiftysixhalf past eight或eight thirtya quarter to/of ten

13、或nine fortyfive5年代的表达the early 1920s/1920sthe early twentiesthe mideighties6其他特殊表达(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔”every three days/every fourth dayevery other dayevery few days(2)表示年龄in ones teensin ones twentiesat the age of 17He is twenty years old.He is man of twenty.He is a twentyyearold man.(3)用于习语中one at a t

14、imeone by oneten out of ten考点集训.单句语法填空1There _is_(be) one desk and three chairs in the room.2Whats the date today?Its the _fourth_(four) of July.3There are buses to the station every _twentieth_(twenty) minute.4She was the first woman _to win_(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.5In order to fi

15、nd a better job, he decided to study _a_ second foreign language.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Two hundred dollars are not large for us, and its easy for us to gain in two days._areis_2Every year, million of people die from illness caused by smoking._millionmillions_3I have already got two letters from Susan this

16、 year, and this is a third one._athe_4We are told that Professor Chen lives on the twentytwo floor of this building._twentytwotwentysecond_5Twofifths of the machine on display are new items._machinemachines_.语法填空(数词专练)There are 1._four_ seasons in a year：spring, summer, autumn and winter. A year can

17、 also be divided into 2._twelve_ months. Each month is divided into 3._three_ periods: the first, the middle and the last tenday period. Mothers Day falls on the 4._second_ Sunday of May while Fathers Day on the 5._third_ Sunday of June every year. The 6._twelfth_ month of the year is December. Ther

18、e are 7._fiftytwo_ complete weeks plus an extra day, or 8._two_ in a year because there are 9._three hundred and sixtyfive_ days in a common year but 10._three hundred and sixtysix_ days in a leap year.综合演练词法篇代词、冠词、介词和数词.单句语法填空1(2018龙岩二模)The local drama “Huiban” was popular in South China during the

19、 _eighteenth/18th_(eighteen) century.解析：考查数词。设空前是定冠词the，设空后是名词century，表在“几世纪”，应用序数词。2(2018银川一中三模)Zhang Xiaoquan Scissors are produced in Hangzhou City，_the_ provincial capital of Zhejiang Province in East China.解析：考查冠词。句意：张小泉剪刀产于杭州市。杭州是华东浙江省的省会城市。该处特指杭州是浙江省的省会城市，应用定冠词the。3(2018龙岩二模)It is the most we

20、llknown Chinese opera form, recognized as “Oriental Opera” _with_ a long history of 160 years.解析：考查介词。句意：它是最著名的中国戏剧形式，被认为是有着160年历史的东方戏剧。表“有多长时间的历史”，应用with a history of.。4(2017石家庄考前模拟)Sugar paintings are made of melted brown or white sugar, with which craftsmen can paint _a_ variety of animals and fl

21、owers.解析：考查冠词。设空与空后的variety of构成固定短语，a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。5(2018黄冈二模)If we are not aware _of_ these differences, some unusual things might happen.解析：考查介词。句意：如果我们意识不到这些区别会发生一些不同寻常的事情。be aware of“意识到”，是固定用法。6(2018遂宁二模)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise _their_(they

22、) heads with the sound of thunder.解析：考查代词。句意：在这一天，中国文化中的图腾，龙听到雷声抬起头。设空后是名词heads，故设空处应填形容词性物主代词their。7(2017皖北二模)I told him I wanted him to have some memory of the visit, even though he didnt get to see it _himself_(he)解析：考查代词。设空在句中作宾语，且与主语he是同一人，应用反身代词。8(2018北京)Good morning, Mr.Lees office.Good morni

23、ng.Id like to make an appointment _for_ next Wednesday afternoon.解析：考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和Mr.Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配。make an appointment with sb.和某人预约。9(2017太原一模)A mouse, because of _an_ unlucky chance, made close friends with an evil frog. One day, _the_ frog playe

24、d a trick on the mouse.解析：考查冠词。第一空后是形容词unlucky，是元音音素开始的单词，应用不定冠词an；第二空frog是可数名词，且在本题中第二次出现，应用定冠词the。10(2018唐山三模)_As_ a water sport, swimming does less harm to joints (关节) and muscles.解析：考查介词。句意：作为水上运动，游泳对关节和肌肉伤害很小。根据语境可知该处填介词As。as作介词讲时，意为“作为”。11(2018枣庄二模)History suggests that this great structure bu

25、ilt by the ancient Chinese over many years as a barrier to protect their land _against_ invaders from the northern borders of the country.解析：考查介词。protect.against.“保护免受的伤害”。12(2017蚌埠三模)As one volunteer once put _it_， “I feel as though I am able to help in the world and use my skills.”解析：考查固定用法。as sb.

26、put it“正如某人所说”。13(2017锦州二模)This is a group of people who have been familiar _with_ social media as soon as they came to the world.解析：考查介词。句意：这群人一出生就熟悉社交媒介。bc familiar with.“熟悉”14It is said that one _fifth_(five) of pupils here go on to study at Peking or Tsing Hua University.解析：句意：据说这儿有五分之一的学生上北京或清华

27、大学。表达简单分数时，分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词，表“五分之一”，应用one fifth，故设空填fifth。15When she retired and went back home in the 1990s, she was already in her _fifties_(fifty)解析：句意：当她在20世纪90年代退休回家，她早已50多岁了。“in ones基数词的复数形式”表“在某人几十多岁时”。.单句改错1The young man doesnt have many experience.He probably cant do that job._manymuch_解析：句意

28、：这个年轻人几乎没有经验，他可能做不了那份工作。experience作“经验”讲时，为不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，为不可数名词。根据句意可知，此处的experience表示“经验”，故不可用many或few修饰，但可用much或little修饰。much或little修饰不可数名词。2(2018鄂尔多斯二模)It had a history of over eight hundreds years._hundredshundred_解析：表“百、千、万”等的hundred，thousand，million等数词前如有具体的数词，应用单数形式。3Between 1995 and 2000, tw

29、o third of the islands population was forced to flee to other countries._thirdthirds_解析：当分数的分母大于一时，分母要用复数形式。two thirds“三分之二”。4(2018广西考前模拟)Though she left with the money, she returned later with wine, chocolates and some others treats to say thanks._othersother_解析：others相当于other复数名词，故应将others改为other。

30、5(2018皖南八校三模)I have become a wellknown figure out in our city._去掉out_解析：该处指一个有名的人物，figure用作名词。figure out“弄清楚”，是固定的动词短语。6The moment the plane took off, it felt so nervous that I was afraid to look out the window._itI；out后加of_解析：该处指我紧张得不敢往窗外看。故代词it改为I。look out of“朝外面看”。.语法填空A(重点考查介词与代词)(2017河北衡水模拟)Ancient China was 1._a_ place where states were often 2._at_ war with 3._each_ other. But 4._