届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二有提示词类.docx

1、届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二有提示词类2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二：有提示词类（一）高频考点之一：提示词为动词1 .考查谓语动词解题攻略若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与 之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时 态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态， 然后 考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词 的数。典例1(2019 全国卷 I )In recent years some Inuit people inNunavut 65 (report)increases in bear sightings around

2、human分析：分析句子成分可知，该 句缺少谓语，根据句中的时间 状语in recent years 可判断 用现在完成时。故填 havereported。settlements , leading to a belief that populations are increasing.典例2(2019 全国卷 I )Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations ,three are declining , six _70_(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough dat

3、a.分析：此处陈述客观事实，应 用一M现在时；six指代six polar bearsubpopulations ,谓语动词 应用复数。故填are。典例3(2018 全国卷 H )Diets have changed in China - and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country _61二 (grow) more corn than rice.分析：分析句子成分可知，空 格所在的句子中缺少谓语动 词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现 在完成时，根据句意可知应用 主动语态，再根据主限致原 贝U可知填has gro

4、wn 。2.考查非谓语动词解题攻略若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要 填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的 哪种形式。作主语或宾语，通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况， 用不定式表示具体情况。作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语是主动关 系，用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。典例4（2019 全国卷 I ）Scientists have responded by 67 （note） that hungry bears may be congregating （聚 集） around human se

5、ttlements, leading to the 川usion （ 错觉）that populations are higher than they actually are.分析：介词后接动词时，应 用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事 回应。故填noting 。典例5（2019 全国卷田）On the last day of our week - long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on abeautiful farm on the North Shore under the sta

6、rs ,分析：分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting 并列，主语we与 listen之间是主动关系，用 现在分词短语作状语。故填70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interestinglocals.listening 。典例6(2018 全国卷 I )You dont have to run fast or for long_62_ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, beoverweight and still reduce your risk of _63_ (die

7、) early by running.分析：第一句中已有谓语动 词 dont have to run , 故 空格处应为非谓语动词。根 据句意口知应填不7E式 tosee,作目的状语。第二句 中已有谓语动词reduce , 故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前后介词 of,结 合句意可知，应填dying , 作介词of的宾语。典例7(2018 全国卷 H )Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70(feed) its citizens “ offers useful lessons foragriculture and food

8、policymakers worldwide , ” says the banks Juergen Voegele.分析：分析句子成分可知， 句中已有谓语动词offers , 再根据空格前有从属连词 while 可知，“ while_70_ (feed) itscitizens ”为时间状语从句 的省略结构，所填的词与具 逻辑主语China之间为主 动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。3.考查派生词解题攻略有时所给提木词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动 词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此 时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪 种词性。一般考查动词派生为

9、名词，有时还需考虑动词变为 形容词甚至副词。典例8（2019 6月浙江高考）Other American studies showedno _64_ （connect）between uniforms and school performance.分析：no用来修饰名词，此 处用单复数形式均可。故填 connection/connections 。典例9（2019 全国卷田）When they were free from work , they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting66_ （compete）

10、to watch, together with the story behind it.分析：根据空格前的an interesting 可知，此处应填 动词compete 的名词形式 competition 。典例（2018 全国卷 H ）This分析：decrease 降低，减少，10switch has decreased _66_ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and madedrinking water safer for people.后接名词作宾语，故填 pollute 的名词形式 pollution 。技

11、法汇总“一定三思”解“动词”（二）高频考点之二：提示词为名词解题攻所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。tourists.典例12（2018 全国卷 I ）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _67_（cause） .分析：c

12、ause 表示“原因， 起因”时是可数名词，前面 有all ,故填cause的复数形 式 causes 。典例13（2018 全国卷 I ）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, doexercises to 68（strength） your legmuscles （ 肌肉）,avoid hills and get good running shoes.分析：分析句子成分可知， 空格前面有谓语动词do ,再 根据句意可知，此处应填动 词形式，与空前的不定式符 号to构成不定式短语，在句 中作目的状语。故填 strengthen 。（

13、三）高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词解题攻当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级、最高级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式（2019 全国卷 I ）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ （poor）studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20 , 000 25 , 000 polar bearsth

14、ree years 61 (long) than non -runners.典例17(2018 全国卷田)He screams the _63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.分析：由空前的the以及空后的of all可知要用最高级形式 loudest。典例18(2017 全国卷 I )Even66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.分析：根据语境可知，此处 表示程度的

15、加深，所以用比 较级形式 worse。even worse更糟的是，可以看作 固定搭配。（四）低频考点：提示词为代词解题攻略所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有 时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词 变为反身代词等。典例19(2018 全国卷田)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_ (they) alive.分析：因空处作动词find的 宾语，故应填人称代词they 的宾格形式them。典例20(2016 全国卷 I )On my recent visit, I held a lively three -month -old twin that had been rejected by68 (it) mother.分析：空后的mother是名 词，所填词作定语修饰 mother ,故填其形容词性物 主代词its。