1、 在英语中,为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分,在英语中,为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分,在英语中,为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分,在英语中,为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分,这种现象叫这种现象叫这种现象叫这种现象叫省略省略省略省略。如:。如:。如:。如:Begyoupardon.Begyoupardon.Soundslikeagoodidea.Soundslikeagoodidea.(I I)Begyoupardon.Begyoupardon.(It)(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.Soundslikeagoodidea.定义定义一一 简单句中的省略简单句中的省略1 1、省
2、略主语省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略祈使句中主语通常省略 Doesntmatter.(It)doesntmatter.(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如:如:(省略主语和谓语)(省略主语和谓语)(省略主语和谓语)(省略主语和谓语)What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3 3、省略表语。、省略表语。Areyouthirsty?Areyouthirsty?Yes,Iam.Yes,Iam.Hisbrotherisntlazy,norishi
3、ssister.(thirsty).(thirsty).(lazy).(lazy).4 4、同时省略几个成分、同时省略几个成分 LetLet smeetatthesameplaceassmeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.yesterday.(wemet)(wemet)同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语同时省略主、谓语 Haveyoufinishedyourwork?Haveyoufinishedyourwork?Notyet.Notyet.IhaveIhavenotnotfinishedmyhomeworkfinishedmyhomeworkyetyet
4、.IhaveIhavenotnotfinishedmyhomeworkfinishedmyhomeworkyetyet.IhaveIhavenotnotfinishedmyhomeworkfinishedmyhomeworkyetyet.Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-lawMybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.(is)alawyer.(省略相同的谓语动词)(省略相同的谓语动词)(省略相同的谓语动词)(省略相同的谓语动词)1 1、两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与、两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句
5、中相同的部分前一分句中相同的部分。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettingWhensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)longerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(isgetting)(is)(is)省略相同的谓语动词省略相同的谓语动词省略相同的谓语动词省略相同的谓语动词二二并列句中的省略并列句中的省略1 1、主句中有一些成分被省略,、主句中有一些成分被省
6、略,如:如:Sorrytohearyouareill.Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(Im)(Itsa)三三复合句中的省略复合句中的省略 AreyouleavingforBeijingthisAreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?Sunday?Ithinkso.Ithinkso.sosoI I mleavingforBeijingthismleavingforBeijingthisSunday.Sunday.Tommustbefreetoday.Tommustbefreetoday.Ifso,hecanhelpus.Ifso,he
7、canhelpus.sosoheisfree.heisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用主句中有一些成分被省略、而用soso或或notnot来代替来代替 Itisgoingtorain,isnItisgoingtorain,isn tit?tit?Ihopenot.Ihopenot.notnotitisnotgoingtorain.itisnotgoingtorain.这种用法常见的有:这种用法常见的有:Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?等等。等等。Weallknow(that)t
8、heearthrunsaroundtheWeallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.sun.(that)(that)2.2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词宾语从句中常省略连词thatthat,但当有两个并,但当有两个并列的宾语从句时,第二个列的宾语从句时,第二个thatthat则不能省略。则不能省略。Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandMarysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatthatsheis16yearsold.sheis16yearsold.(that)(that)
9、3.3.定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略在定语从句中,在定语从句中,that,which,whothat,which,who在从句中在从句中作宾语时可省略。作宾语时可省略。IhavenIhaven treadthebook(that/which)youtreadthebook(that/which)you rerereading.reading.(that/which)(that/which)Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedTheman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith
10、.toisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)(that/who)4.4.状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略在以在以when,while,oncewhen,while,once引导的时间状语从引导的时间状语从句及以句及以if,unlessif,unless引导的条件状语从句中引导的条件状语从句中和和though,althoughthough,although引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句中,如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指中,如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象,且从句中含有同一对象,且从句中含有bebe动词时,从句动词时,从句中可省去中可省去“主
11、语主语+be+be”部分。部分。Whenaskedwhathehaddone,JohnWhenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.justkeptsilent.Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,JohnWhenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.justkeptsilent.heheIfIfheheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.isfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewashewas Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.Iffree,Jack
12、willgowithus.heisheis Unlessinvited,hewonUnlessinvited,hewon tcome.tcome.Unlessheisinvited,hewonUnlessheisinvited,hewon tcome.tcome.heheWhileheisdoinghousework,myWhileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.fatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisheis Whiledoinghousework,myWhiledoinghousework,myfathero
13、ftenlistenstomusic.fatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisheishehe动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同动词不定式中为了避免重复,省去与前面出现的相同部分,只保留部分,只保留部分,只保留部分,只保留toto,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有bebe,have,havebeenhave,havebeen时,要保留这些词。时,要保留这些词。时,要保留这些词。时
14、,要保留这些词。Areyougoingthere?Areyougoingthere?Yes,IYes,I dlikedliketo.to.Hedidntgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.Areyouanengineer?Areyouanengineer?No,butIwantNo,butIwanttoto.HehasnHehasn tfinishedthetaskyet.tfinishedthetaskyet.Well,heoughtWell,heought toto.(gothere).(gothere).(givemethechance).(giv
15、emethechance).bebehavehave四四不定式中的省略不定式中的省略Attention!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去式一定要省去to,to,但在被动语态中须将但在被动语态中须将toto复原。复原。InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenInoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.Ipassedby.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.toto
16、 X X X X 这类使役动词这类使役动词这类使役动词这类使役动词及感官动词主及感官动词主及感官动词主及感官动词主要有要有要有要有一一一一“感感感感”:二二二二“听听听听”:三三三三“让让让让”:四四四四“看看看看”:feelfeelhearhearlistentolistentohavehavemakemakeletletwatchwatchnoticenotice observeobserveseesee在以在以if if引导的非真实条件句中若含有引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,were,had,shouldshould时,常可以省略时,常可以省略if if而将而将were,had,shouldwere,had,should置于句首。置于句首。WereIyou,IWereIyou,I dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.WereWereHadIalotofmoney,IHadIalotofmoney,I daidthepoordaidthepoorchildren.children.HadHadShouldth
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