人教版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解.docx

1、人教版高中英语必修五Unit1知识点详解必修 5 Unitl Great scientistsPart 1. Warmi ng upexpla in及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明（+to）+wh-+（that）He expla in ed that he had bee n cheated.他解释说他是上当受骗了。Can you expla in how the machi ne operates你能解释一下这机器是如何运转 的吗？Please explai n this rule to me请给我讲解一下这条规则。（vi.）解释;说明;辩解rve got to explain about

2、 it.我得解释一下此事。characteristicn. 特征； 特性 Kindn ess is one of his characteristics.adj.独特的 I heard my friend s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.的特性Such blu ntness is characteristic of hin.如此迟钝是他的特性。3.Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward提出（建议等）；提名；提前，把时钟往前拨He put forwa

3、rd a new pla n.他提出一个新计划。归纳拓展put down记下；镇压 put out关掉；熄灭put aside放在一边；储存；保留 put off推迟；延期put up建造；举起；张贴 put on穿上put away 收好选词填空(put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out)1The pla n that you at the meet ing is won derful.2Many tall buildi ngs were along the road.3Firefighters have bee n called to

4、 the fire in the city cen ter.4He has a little money to for a rainy day.5Don t un til tomorrow what can be done today.1.Do you know how to prove a new idea in scie ntific researchhow to prove a new idea为疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、 宾语、表语等。We have n t decided where to go我们还没有决定去哪里。The questi on is whe n to

5、 leave .问题是什么时候动身。2.draw a conclusion 得出结论conclusion作名词，意为 结束，结论”in con clusi on 最后I will in con clusi on say a few words about my visit to Tokyo最 后，我对我的东 京之行说几句。2)conclude作动词，结束；断定；决定”to conclude (作插入语)最后，作为总结(=to sum up)To con elude, I thi nk smok ing does more harm tha n good to us.3.Joh n Snow w

6、as a famous doctor in Lon don so expert, in deed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰 斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医 生一一他的确医术精湛，以至于成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。expert1n. 专家，能手 an expert in psychology(心理学) an agricultural expert2adj.熟练的，有专门技术的an expert job 需专门知识的工作He is expert in / at cook ing.attend vt. &v

7、i参加，注意，照料1be present at 参力口 attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting2attend to (on): to look after, care for, serve 伺候，照顾，看护The queen had a good doctor attending (on ) her.Dr Smith atte nded her in hospital.Mother had to atte nd to her sick son.3attend to处理，注意倾听Can you atte nd to the matter immediate

8、ly?I may be late - have got one or two thi ngs to atte nd to.4.But he became in spired whe n he thought about help ing ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很 振奋。(1)exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为 患 霍乱的”女口：The book written by Luxun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。The man se

9、e n by us yesterday is Professor Smith.昨天我们看见的那个人是 史密斯教授。(2)expose1暴露 expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun.他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。2揭露He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他们的阴谋。The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.对贪官 污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的 exposednes

10、s n.暴露，显露expose sth. to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局练习： The disc, digitally in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party thatn ight.A. recorded B. record ing C. to be recorded D. hav ing recorded5.Neither its cause nor its cure was un derstood.对于它的起因和治疗方法人 们都不清楚。neither.nor.既不 不，

11、连接句中两个相同成分。1I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.我既不知道也不关心他 出了什么事。2Neither Fra nee nor Brita in will atte nd the meeti ng n ext week.法国和英国都 将不会参加下星期的会议。3Neither Jim nor his pare nts have see n the film.=Neither his pare nts nor Jim has seen the film吉姆和她的父母都没有看过这 部电影。cure vt.治疗，治愈，改正 n.治

12、疗,治愈,治疗法1cure sb (of sth)治好了某人(的 ，)The only way to cure backache is to rest.治疗背痛的唯一办法是休息。That n asty shock cured him of his inq uisitive ness for ever.那一沉重教训根除 了他凡事爱打听的毛病。This illness cannot be cured easily.这种病不好治.2a cure for sth.治疗的方法;解决问题，改善困境Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法 ?

13、The prices are going up every day, but there is no cure for ris ing prices.6.S0 many thousa nds of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 人们既不知道它的病因，也不懂如何治疗。每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐 的人病死。(1)本句为复合句， “ So many thousa nds of terrified people died 为主句， ”every time引导时间状语从句，意思是 每当 。(2)有些名词短语或副词可以起

14、连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。例如：every time, each time, the last time, next time, the moment, the minute , immediately, instantly 等。1Every time/Each time I express an op in io n, she argues back每当我发表意 见时，她总是反驳。2I found myself i n an en tirely new world the mome nt/the minute/immediately I arrived here.我一到这里就感到耳目一新

15、。3The last time I saw him , he was quite welI.我最后一次看到他时，他还相 当健康。4Give your father my best regards n ext time you see him.下次你见至 M尔父亲 时，请代我向他致以最好的问候。拓展延伸(1)for the first time是介词短语，常用作时间状语，而 the first time是连词，引导时间状语从句。(2)It is the first time that.如果前面用is,从句动词用现在完成时；如果前面 用was，则从句动词用过去完成时.(3)lt s (high)

16、time th从句动词用过去时或should +动词原形。It s high time we took immediate action to prevent pollutic该至U我们立即采取 措施阻止污染的时候了。7.The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air, a cloud of dan gerous gas floated around until it found its victims.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，像 一股危险气体在空中到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害人。suggest v.建议； 暗示； 表明

17、suggest+doing / sth. / that sb. (should) do sth.May suggested a pic nic at the weeke nd.He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.He suggested us visit ing the Great Wall.I suggested leav ing early for the airport.He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.She suggested that her father (s

18、hould) give up smok ing.*suggest (暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。The smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me.The look on his face suggested that he was happy.8.The sec ond suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。absorb vt.(1)专注，聚精会神be absor

19、bed in= put one s hteato 集中精力做某事I was absorbed in a book and didn t hea我正专心a看书，没听至M尔的电话。Absorbed in his work, Tom simply forgot food and sleep.汤姆专心工作，几乎 忘记了吃饭和睡觉。(2)吸收，把吸收入(absorb.nto.)Black cloth absorbs light 黑布吸收光线。The clever boy absorbed all the kno wledge his teacher could give hin那个聪明 的男孩把他老师所

20、能教他的所有知识都理解了。9.Joh n Snow suspected that the sec ond theory was correct but he n eeded evidenee约翰斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但需要有证据。suspect vt.认为，怀疑常用短语： suspect sth to be; suspect sb of doing sth.They suspect him to be the murderer.(他们怀疑他是凶手 )She suspected him of tak ing her mon ey.n.嫌疑犯;可疑分子C10 .,the cholera ou

21、tbreak was so severe that more tha n 500 people died in ten days.severe adj.严厉地；苛刻的；严格的be severe with/on 对.严格/严厉 You are too severe on the boy.剧痛的；剧烈的；严重的 a severe attack of toothache牙痛的剧烈发作adv. severely11.Next, Joh n Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 接下来，约翰 斯诺调查了这两条街上的

22、水源。look into调查，了解，研究；朝里面看与 one s face/eye等连用，表示 注视”He looks into her face with great in terest. 他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。和look组成的其他短语look around/about 环顾四周look after照顾；照料look back回头看look back on回顾；回想look down upon轻视，瞧不起look for 寻求；寻找look forward to (doing) 盼望look on旁观look on/upon.as 把看作look out往外看；注意；当心look thr

23、ough 浏览look up抬头看；查看look up to sb.尊敬/仰慕某人12. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来要归罪于饮用水了。blame v.责备；谴责；把归咎于n.过失；责备；（过失、过错等）责任blame sb. for sth. / doing sth.为某事责备某人 /责备某人做了某事They blamed the secretary for the delay of the pla n.blame sth. on sb. / sth.把某事归咎于某人；因某事而指责某人The police blamed the traffi

24、c accident on jack s careless driving.3be to blame for（doing）sth .因（做）某事某人应该受到谴责；注意：be to blame应受责备（主动表被动）；应负责任The driver was not to blame for the traffic accide nt.4accept / bear / take the blame for sth.对某事负责任He is ready to take the blame for what had happe ned.5put / lay the blame for sth. on sb.

25、将某事归咎于某人13n ano ther part of London, he found support ing evide nee from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一地区，他从另 外两例与布洛德街疾病爆发有关的死亡病例中得到了有力的证据。link vt.连接；联系n.环；连接；联系；纽带14.A woma n, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she

26、 had it delivered to her house every day一 个妇女，从布洛 德街搬走了，但她非常喜欢水泵的水，她让人每天从水泵给她家送水。15.With this extra evide nee Joh n Snow was able to announce with certai nty that polluted water carried the virus.利用这个额外证据，约翰 斯诺就可以很有把 握地宣布污染水携带病菌。announce vt.（1）宣布，宣告（决定、计划等）announce sth.（to sb.）（向某人）宣布、通告某事announce t

27、hat.宣布 ; 通知 It is announced that.据宣布 Please announce to your class that there will be no school tomorrow 请通知你 们班明天不上学。It has bee n oficially announ ced that he will pay a sec ond visit to China soor据 官方消息称，他不久将再次来中国访问。(2)(事情)显示;预告The bright flowers announ ced that spri ng was here 鲜艳的花朵显示春天已经 来到。拓展延

28、伸 announcement n. 宣布； 口头通知 announcer n.播音员make an announ ceme nt 下通知16.To preve nt this from happe ning aga in, Joh n Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be exami ned.为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰 斯诺建议, 所有水源都要经过检测。prevent/stop(from) doing sth. 或 keep.from doing sth.意为 阻止做某事” What can we do to

29、preve nt the disease spreadi ng.我们能做什么来防止这种 疾病蔓延呢？ We should take measures to prevent the river from being polluted further.我们应该采取措施阻止这条河受到进一步的污染。examine v.检查；细查；诊察；审问；盘问The doctor exam ined the boy and found there was no thi ng the matter with him.The lawyer exam ined the wit ness.exam in ati on n.

30、 考试； 检查； 细查take an exam in ati on 参加考试 medical exam in ati on 体检un der exam in ati on 在检查中；在审查中17.Finally “ King Cholera ” wa乱王t终于被击败了。辨析win, beat 与 defeatwin赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat战胜”击败”比赛中的对手，可与 defeat互换We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.They won the battle but lost many men.The local ball team w

31、on the state champi on ship by beat ing / defeat ing all the other teams.Part 3. Lear ning about Lan guagetake in收留；包括take相关短语：take after 相似take apart把（小型机器、钟表等）拆开拆散take away 拿走take back承认说错了（话），收回（诺言，话语）；使回忆起；送回，还回去 退（货）take off脱下，脱去（尤指衣服）;解（拿）掉-put on仮义词）；（飞机等）升空，起 飞take on雇用；开始具有/呈现（某种品质、面貌等）;露出；接受（工作等）;承 担（责任等）take out带保人）去（某处参加社交活动等）；正式取得,领得,获得；洗去（污 迹）,使褪色take over接手,接任;接管take up开始花时间从事（某项活动）;对产生兴趣；开始学习（某课程）,选修; （事物或事件）占用了（时间或空间）；接受的建议；继续takefor grante想当然认为（会是某种情况），认为是理所当然的；认为没 有问题take