1、年考研英语真题含答案解析2011年考研英语真题(含答案解析)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及参考答案 Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious
2、 to health.” But _1_some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unl
3、ikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laug
4、h dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ phy
5、sical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychol
6、ogist Fritz Strack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose m
7、onths were contracted in a frown, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1 Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2 Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3 Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4 Atransmit
8、Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5 Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6 AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief7 Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected8 Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9 Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal11AExcept for BAcco
9、rding to CDue to DAs for12Awith Bon Cin Dat13Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted19Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20
10、AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan
11、Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One
12、of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the ne
13、xt music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an
14、 impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers
15、 who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performa
16、nces of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of su
17、ch recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classic
18、al-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed
19、, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinflu
20、ential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which
21、of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdo
22、ubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For
23、years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” Those who jump
24、ed without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO
25、. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but
26、thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives q
27、uitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguard
28、ed against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the tex
29、t?ACEOs: Where to Go?BCEOs: All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media such as television commercials and print advertisements still
30、 play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media
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