1、动词与介词搭配动词与介词搭配作者: 日期: 4 动词词组1.动词与表示根源和来源的介词连用()frome from(起源于、出生于、来自),sefro(起源于),deriv fo(起源于),ri from(发生于、由而产生),spig from(来自于、崛起于),merg from(出现于),resul from(产生于、起源于),temfrom(发生于、滋长于),manat fom(流出于、出生于),grow fo(由而生),riginate fr(起源于),proceed frm (发生于、由发出),be dive from(临摹、出身于),be esedd from(为之后裔、系出),c
2、opy fo(抄录自),tnsle fro(翻译自),quoe fo(引用自),ada frm(改编自)。a.I have rin fom th ranko mjor.bHermony am fra rich uncle.cSeriou damage mayaris from carelesessd.Thes spring om tiny seds.He s sprung fm oya ood他出身皇家。.omehigas rslted fom myefforts.gAccdn tothe Bi,w reall ecendedfro Adam.hs iur is a copy frRapaiT
3、houands fnglsh wrdare deriv fro/drive fo Latinqoe fromte clssics(引自古文),raw ater from a well(从井里汲水),drn froa river(临河而饮),draw conclsonfrm hevie(由证据中取得结论)。ogiate(来自),当来源是事物时,用from或n皆可;当来源为人时,用o或wit皆可。comeom有两个含义:一是表示“籍贯(出生于何处)”comeo;一是表示“来自何处”。其区别在于动词时态的不同。当表示“籍贯”时,动时用现在时,因籍贯是永远不变的。当表示“来自何处”时为叙述过去的事情,
4、故用过去时或现在完成时。试比较:a.Wher you come fm?你籍贯何处?(以现在时构成问句)I come fm Bejing我是北京出生的。b.Where did/haveyucome from?你来自何处?I came/havce fo Bejin.我从北京来。(不一定是北京人)()ofak(要求、请求、询问)ask的对象为人时,可用ask b或 ask of sb.;k stof sb表示“请求某人做某事、或询问某人某事”。.Ma I s a favour o you?bMa I ak aquestio oou?caskd hs way of a huntr.bg(请求、要求)a
5、He eged a favour me.b. bgd ony o haritblepeole.iquir(询问、探询)inuie的宾语为人时,不能直接接人,须接介词of再接人,成为nqireof sb.。如欲表示“询问某事”时,须用介词about:inqr ofbabousth,意为“询问某人某事”。iquir的宾语为地方时,接:ll inqir athe fie and then ll you.我去办公室打听一下再告诉你。a. iuredfhimte wa o wnbHe inquiredofme te bst wa og.I iuird f him abot te mat.S nqires
6、 of him aouher younger brthr ondctreqr(要求)如仅表示“向某人要求”时,requre后接o再接人,成“rqire o b.”的形式。如欲表示“要求某人做某事、向某人要求某物”时,用requir sh.of sb.句型。.I have doneeverthingthawas required of mebto yureie o me?.e requiean alogy ofe.她要我道歉。dand(要求)demad必须加o再加被要求的人,dmof .表示“向某人要求”。emanst.of sb表示“向某人要求某物(做某事)”。试比较:a.我要求他答复。 de
7、m imfnnswrI emndananswer f imbHe deands too high a pric ecome (出身、出自),b born f(出生)He comes o anciet faily.She was born of odparns她出身良家。a)from与f皆可用以表示“起源、出处”,但何时用from,何时用,须视动词而定。因此对于fom和of所跟的动词必须加以区别熟记。b)o,from皆可用以表示“种族、门第”,但何时用rm,何时用of,亦决定于动词的不同。一般rin, derived,edscended 接rom,come,b orn接o。c)某些动词之后可接r
8、om或o,意义相同,但接fro居多。此类动词大多表示“获得、期望”之意,如,borrow,hre,receive,a,hav(得到),epec,an等。a.She leane her Engish f/from a AmericabAll thseboks ad of/froany ookscvro execereat ting of/f hm)co fom表示“籍贯”或“来自何处”。come o则表示“出身、家庭”。试比较:.He cmfrm Tiajin他籍贯是天津。b cam r beyond the seas yestrda他昨天从海外来。 comsof god fil.他出身良家。d
9、.Hecae o a poor paant fmiy他出身于贫穷农家。(3)t ofakoutof(由而发问),pik out of(由挑选),ritout f nes own a(创作),aot o oneownpockt(自己出钱)。aHe askd out of uriousou il hae to pay o of your own pocket.动词和表示推断的介词连用()fmjudge om/b(由判定、由判断),cncude rom(由判定),inf rom(由推论、由推断),dedc fro(由推论、由推断),jdge romby appearac(以貌取人),pea frox
10、erenc (经验之谈),pantfrm atur(模仿自然作画、写生)。.Juding frm ou ,he ot succed.bdging romby sappearance,sms be a an of god cuct.(2)yjudgey,kn y(由知),call by(据而叫),tl b(由知),recnie a person bythe voic(依声音辨别某人)。a.A an s suly judged bywat hedoes.b.He is ld byth me of hi fathr. mn knwthe company hekees观其所交,而知其人。3.动词和表示
11、比较的介词连用(1)tocompae to(把比作),likn t(与相象),pfe(较喜欢而不喜欢),其中to为介词。Life s comared to avoage人生好比航海。b.if i likened n a of thestae.人生好比舞台上一幕戏。c.I prefrdeth odihoourI pef working o oing nothi(2)ithcomar wt(与比较),cntast with(对照、对比),increa wh(随而增加),vry with(随而变化)。His English cannotcomr with mineb.Tat wilshwagret
12、ncreasecpaed with toda.c.Intrast s picture with tatdou my cntrat tis bokwith anteron.e.An aryspoer increse wh its iz.f.Te sieaies with heteperaue4动词和表示原因及动机的介词连用()fromsufer from(受之苦),a fm(由而行动),die ro被用做表示死亡之原因时,其含意是由于外界添加的刺激或影响而致死的,而不是出于本人自身的原因。常见的还有:die fro soeunonause,die from a blw,die fomatiue,
13、die froa wd,de fom vr-work,ie fodrikingo mch wne,die fomhunger,ie from thmemory f he orld(为世人所忘),deromof popex,die fomwaknes, frm te ffec o oerexpse tthe sun。aHe ffersfrom great los inbsinessHe is now ufrn from infunz.c.H ackedfrom a sese oduty.责任感使他采取了行动。dThe bab diedrm ac cae.eHe died fom abow.The
14、 lttle child ied fm eating to ecess.Sh dd fromsom known cause.(2)odiof用于表死亡的原因时,最常用的是“因疾病而死亡”,o在此用法中常用:ie ofadisese,ie of(a)illess,ieoforrow/ve,ieof diphtheria,die of/from apoley,die a dcline,die of iapoin- nt,i ngr,di o thrst,deofabre heat,e of/withgrif,die of od ag,ieo xhautio,dieofa fall,di f fev
15、er(consumption,cld,smalpx,tyo ever,congestion of thebrain)。Hdef aheart ttac.b.e died of highfever.(3)atat常和表示情绪或感情的动词连用,如wonde,mrvl,trmble,shuder,rjice,cry,blus,weep,grieve,etate,g等。die t 亦表示死亡的原因,常用如下情形:diatthe take(焚死、受火刑而死),die t ones ost(殉职)。a.Pope woner atis lenngTeyrejoiced a thenews f i saf r
16、eturc.Shtele the ond ofburstingdHe sueed at hsiht of blod.eHe heit atthe difcltyfShe wayslahedat good Jok.()ore fo表死亡原因时,有指“为某一目的、事业而死”的意义:ie fornes counry,die fornes th,iefor sm cue(为了某种事业而死),die aime(因罪而死)。ey diedfor hir moherlnd.H ded r i cory()wthw表示原因时,是指由于外界的某种变化而影响到体内或内心的某种变化的心理原因。常与如下动词连用:ch
17、ttr,tremble,quiv- er,siver,hae,shudr,toer,burst,foi,brn,ndle,seethe (激动),smmer(激动),cry,aim,p。diwith表示死亡原因时,多用于由于某种感情、情绪而导致的死亡。如die wthhorror,di ith/f joy(由于病极而死),die wit lauhin。aHis icetembed wih angy.他的声音因愤怒而颤抖。b.Se shook wit laugter.她笑得全身抖动。ch eopl seeth with discntn人们因不平而骚动。d.Helmos urswth laughe
18、r他几乎放声大笑起来。e.Seied witorrr她吓死了。fSe ddwt/for/frm erjoy(6)vrover指由于某原因或事件而产生的心理活动或感情冲动,常和如下动词连用:cy,wep,laugh,rjoi,murn,grve等。a.Welauh ver hs folih opratinb.She was ingvr her misortunecShewept v he sa fat.We all roice over th ictoye.e gieed ovr her mirtunes.He is olis to cy or ovelg.They rejoied over g
19、loous vict.(7)ndi n表示死亡原因时,用于下列情形:die in btte(战死),die inone bed(老死),dieinpovrty,ie in ao,die in a dih,die inhldbed/child birth(因生产而死),die oes boots(横死、死于非命),din harns(殉职)。a.H d hs bedbHe died in hibots(8)onde on表示死亡原因时,常指如下情形:die on the scaffod(死在刽子手之手),die nh batlfiel(战死)。(9)byde by表示死亡原因时,常指如下情形:d
20、ie by vione(死于非命、横死、惨死),die by the word(死于刀剑之下),diebyangn(缢死),ie pestilnce(死于流行的疾病),di by o own hand (自杀),di by drowing(溺死)。5.动词和表示理由的介词连用for常与dsmis,punish,blame,sufer,rward等动词连用,表示赏罚的理由,如wi a meda fr bravey,uffer o o sis,en rsonfostealig。Heaven ha rewarded him fo his hoesty.be as rewaded for saving
21、 h gils lfe.cHe suised forselng.d.ewa dsmsed o eglectn h orke.Y wl suffer ryour wickeessse aysufer for和ferrom有区别,uffe or后接的原因大都是主语做的坏事(如犯罪等),而sfr rom后接不是原因,而是遭受的对象,意即给主语带来痛苦的东西(如贫穷、疾病等)。fo与aologiz,mke u连用,表示“补偿”之意。fYoushould alogzefor your rudenesg.emust make up o lost ime.6.动词和表示品质、材料、构成成份的介词连用(1)o
22、f表示“材料、由做成”,o后的材料与成品性质相同,只发生物理变化。(注意与rm的区别),常用的有:me of,ild f,frmo,wave f,createo,常用作被动语态。表示“组成成分”,o常与下列动词构成成语:csist of(由组成),bmposed f,b mde u ,e form。cnsis f中无be动词,以上几个成语可以互相换用。a.Btls are madeof glssb.Ts house s bul o stoes.cT clthi woveno kan gold.Mnconssts f sl an bod.aer mae upf ogen a hdrgefJpa
23、is formed ofour larg iads(2)from,outoffrm表示“由制成”,是指成品与原材料之间发生了质的变化即化学变化,如:Wie is mae frompineaple当材料变质与否不明时,可用of或from。若以材料为主语,而以成品为宾语,则用into,而不使用from或of,而ou of表示“由做成的、什么材料被做成为什么成品”之意。aBread s mdefrom/offlour a ater.b.Flour sade into eadcWe mke pape into man thi.mk of原是ak out of的省略形式,故makeout of也指物理变
24、化,当ma和of分开时,用mak out of,否则用mke 。试比较:.Manseful thngs areade of paper.Waemany hngs out of pr.Many tngsar ae of ambooWe mae any hingsout ofbmboo虽然把mae和o分开,但表示“造就成、当成是”的意义时,则仍使用f而不用out o。f. wil ma a taher oou.我将使你成为教师。gSheill ke a fol of im她将愚弄他。()表示“用原料、用语言”意义,常和we,sp,casm- broidr,pint,nswer等动词连用。.He p
25、inted in il, patedinwater-colos.b.Yu ust wite letersin ikc.Canyouanswr in Engls?d.Thedesigns mbroidered in goleTh state wasas in bronzef.He id otwrit i in,bwith a pencil在表示“材料”时,i常和wit混用,须特别注意。in表示“材料”,而wth表示“工具”,如“我将用墨水写封信”是: shal rt a lette in ink.而不是用wih ink,因为ink为原料而非工具,再如下例则更易混错:write inpnclchk;表示“工具”之意时,则须用wrie with a pencil/a pieceofcalk。判别方法:物质名词:表示材料,此时一般用in。普通名同:可表示材料与工具,当该名词前无冠词也不是复数形式时,一般表示材料用in;如有冠词或用复数形式,一般表示工具,用wih。in表示“穿戴衣服、鞋子”等时,常和be
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