初高中衔接(时态与语态)(上课).ppt

1、初高中英语衔接教学初高中英语衔接教学谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态和语态谓语动词的时态和语态 谓语动词的时态：动作发生的谓语动词的时态：动作发生的时间时间决定了动词的决定了动词的形态形态。时间时间名名 称称主动形态主动形态(以以do为例）为例）现现在在一般现在时一般现在时现在现在进行时进行时现在现在完成时完成时过过去去一般过去时一般过去时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去将来时将来时将将来来一般将来时一般将来时do 或或doesis(am/are)doinghave/has donedidwas/were doinghad donewould do或或wa

2、s/were going to dowill do、shall do或或 is/am/are going to do如何判断谓语动词的时态如何判断谓语动词的时态如何判断谓语动词的时态如何判断谓语动词的时态（动作发生的时间）（动作发生的时间）（动作发生的时间）（动作发生的时间）一一.一般现在时一般现在时(do/does)(表示客观事实或真理表示客观事实或真理;表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态.常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有sometimes/often/always/usually/seldom/every(morning)/on Sundays/in th

3、e morning等等)futurepastnow1.The earth moves around the sun.2.Water boils at 100.3.We always care for each other and help each other.4.The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.5.Columbus proved that the earth is round.futurepastnow二二.一般过去时一般过去时(did)(表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作.常与表

4、示常与表示过去具体的去具体的时间状状语连用用(或有上下文或有上下文语境暗示境暗示).时间状语有时间状语有:last week/two days ago/the other day/in 1990 /this morning/just now/in the past/yesterday/often等等.注意注意:凡有具体的凡有具体的过去去时间状状语的均用一般的均用一般过去去时1.I met him in the street yesterday.2.The students went to the Great Wall last Sunday.3.When she was in Shanghai

5、,she often came to see me.4.We often played Ping-pong when we were in college.5.Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.futurepastnow三三.一般将来时一般将来时(will/shall do或或 is/am/are going to do)(表示将来要发生的动作或状态表示将来要发生的动作或状态.be going to do表示打算表示打算,计划计划 要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。表将来的时间状语有要做的事或据已有的迹象

6、将发生的动作。表将来的时间状语有:tomorrow/next week/in the future/soon/this evening/in two days/in 2030等等)1.He will be back in a few days.2.Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow?3.We are going to have a class meeting next Monday.4.I will/shall return you the book as soon as possible.5.Look at the clouds.It is

7、going to rain.futurepastnow四四.现在进行时现在进行时(is/am/are doing)“正正”表示表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。还用在少数的动作。还用在少数 表渐变的动词表渐变的动词(get/become/turn/grow/)常用的时间常用的时间 状语有状语有:now,at present,at the moment等等1.We are having our English class now.2.Im looking for a pair of black shoes.3.They are working in a fa

8、ctory these days.4.Im writing a book about English grammar.5.They are visiting Beijing this week.6.The weather is getting colder and colder.五五.过去进行时过去进行时(was/were doing)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行进行或发生的动作或发生的动作;或者或者 某一某一动作作发生生时另一另一动作正在作正在发生，其中一个在由生，其中一个在由when 或或while引引导的的时间状状语从句中从句中。常用的时间状语有。

9、常用的时间状语有:at that time at this time yesterday/from nine to ten yesterday evening/while all day yesterday/the whole morning/whenfuturepastnow1.At that time,he was working in a university.2.What were you doing at this time yesterday?3.When I entered the room,she was sitting at her desk.4.He was reading

10、 a novel in the library this morning.六六.现在完成时现在完成时(have/has done)“已经已经”1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,即即”从过去到现在有没从过去到现在有没 有做过某事有做过某事”already/yet/just/never/ever/twice futurepastnow1.He has already finished his work.2.We have visited the city three times.3.I have seen this film.2)表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动

11、作或状态表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态.时间状语有时间状语有:for five years/since two days ago/so far/by now/till now up to now/recently/lately/in the past ten years.注意注意:短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用,如如:borrow-havefuturepastnow动动作作作作leaveleavediediemarrymarryjoinjoinbeginbegin状状状状态态be awaybe away be deadbe dead be married

12、be marriedbe inbe inbe onbe on1.I have studied English for six years.2.They have lived in the city since 1988.3.-How long have you been here?你到这儿多长时间了你到这儿多长时间了?-I have been here for an hour.我到这儿一个小时了我到这儿一个小时了.have arrived七七.过去完成时过去完成时(had done)1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作.即即 动作发生

13、的时间是动作发生的时间是“过去的过去过去的过去”.futurepastnow1.We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.2.He found the book that he had lost.3.I didnt know I had given you so much trouble.4.Until then,he had known nothing about it.5.After he(had)finished his work,he went to bed.2)表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作表示从过去某一时间延续到

14、另一过去时间的动作.常用的常用的 时间状语有时间状语有:by+过去时间过去时间(then/the end of last month/by the time we got home);段时间段时间+before(如如:two days before);for;since futurepastnow1)When he came,I had worked for 3 hours.2)She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.3)The boy told his mother that he had been ill since

15、he came back from the school.had been working 八八.过去将来时过去将来时(would/should do 或或was/were going to do)表示从过去的某一时间看来要发生的动作或状态表示从过去的某一时间看来要发生的动作或状态futurepastnow1.I thought they would come to help me.2.They knew that there was going to be several problems.3.They told me that they would have a class meeting

16、.4.She said that she would go there by herself.谓语动词的被动形态是由谓语动词的被动形态是由be done 构成构成.它也有各种它也有各种时态时态.其变化规则是由其变化规则是由be 的各种时态决定的各种时态决定的的.done 不变不变.be 1.1.动词原形动词原形:be2.2.现在分词现在分词:being3.3.过去分词过去分词:been4.4.过过 去去 式式:was/were5.5.一般现在时一般现在时:is/am /are 时间时间 名名 称称被动形态被动形态(以以do为例为例)现现在在一般现在时一般现在时done现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时过过去去一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时将将来来一般将来时一般将来时含有情态动词含有情态动词(can/must.)is/am/areis/am/are being have/has beenwas/werewas/were beinghad beenwould bewill be情态动词情态动词+be 1 1)一般现在时一般现在时:Yo