版新高考英语二轮复习 浙京津鲁琼版课件+讲义写作 专题五 第三节.docx

1、版新高考英语二轮复习 浙京津鲁琼版课件+讲义写作 专题五 第三节第三节概要写作该题型要求根据所提供的材料写一篇60词左右的内容概要。其中所提供的短文词数在350以内，所选材料的体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。评分标准本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分(词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分)档次描述第五档(2125)1理解准确，涵盖全部要点。2能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。3能有效使用语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。4完全使用了自己的语言。第四档(1620)1理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。2所使用的语法结构和词汇可能有些错误，但完全不影响意义表达。3比较有效地使用了语句

2、间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。4有个别整句抄自原文。第三档(1115)1理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。2所使用的语法结构和词汇方面虽有些错误，但不影响意义表达。3使用简单的语句间的连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。4出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第二档(610)1理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。2有些许语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。3较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。4出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。第一档(15)1没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。2有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。3缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。4出现多个句子抄自原

3、文现象。0分白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。常见错误1不能准确抓住要点。 概要写作的重点是能概括出要点， 如果不能抓住要点，句子写得再好，也不能得分。 因此，抓住要点是关键。 抓准要点，除了要读懂文章的主旨、了解文章的结构，还要特别注意一些标志词，如小标题、高频词等。2随意打乱文章的结构。 概要写作一般会提供结构比较清晰的文章。 而写概要的时候，一般都是按照文章的结构去概括要点。 不要轻易打乱文章的结构。3各个要点的独立性不够。 考试说明对要点的独立性有明确的要求。 因此，我们对要点的陈述也要相对独立，一般不要把几个要点放到一个句子中。4照抄原文中的句子。 概要写作的独立性除

4、了各个要点的独立之外，其实还要求用自己的语言去概括文章，不能直接照抄原文的句子。 因此，切记要用自己的语言来概括要点。一、在写作时，主要考虑以下内容：1概括的准确性概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。开篇用主题句清楚明白地告诉读者文章的写作目的，主题句的质量决定概括的成败。2语言的规范性尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的语言来表达，至少要对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。3篇

5、章的连贯性理解准确，涵盖全部要点，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分档次相应比较高；相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关则不得分。所写的文章要有一个明确的主题贯穿全文，在组织材料时要有明晰的思路。此外，层次要分明，有条理；衔接过渡要自然。在备考的过程中进行写提纲的训练有助于该项能力的提高。二、分体裁个个击破1记叙文：“要素串联法”记叙文主要是记叙所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、日记、新闻报道、游记等。记叙文通常要交代清楚六要素的内容，即when，where，who，what，how，why(时间、地点、人

6、物、事件、原因、结果)，给读者一个内容完整、细节清晰的故事。事情的叙述通常按时间的顺序叙述，让读者易于把握所叙述内容之间的内在关联。我们必须抓住记叙文的写作特点或思路，从而更好地理解文章主题，概括出比较中肯的短文中心大意，用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么。 其概要模板为：(1)点明写作目的类：The writer tells us.(主题)by showing us an example of.，who/which.(故事情节)(2)作者经历类：In the passage，the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing.，which.(

7、3)他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sb.s experience of doing.2议论文：“主题概括法”议论文通常用来讲明道理、议论是非、提出观点和看法。作者先正面或反面提出论点，然后用事实论证论点，最后以重申论点或提出建议的方式得出结论。议论文的主题句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。该概述的过程中尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。可以采用如下方法概括：The writer of this article thinks that.或者你认为该材料的观点代表了一些人的思想，就可以说Some people think.，还可以从中立的角度或用

8、“无人称”的方式来说The article gives the view that.。常用以下句式开头： (1)The passage mainly tells us (talks about).(2)We can know from the passage.(3)As far as the author is concerned.3说明文、应用文：“段意合并法”说明性短文，必须用概括性的文字来说明某种现象，常用以下句式开头： (1)It is stated in the article that.(2)According to the passage，the author states th

9、at.说明文的概括结构为：phenomenon/problemreasonsolution (cause and effect)，introduction of an object (how it is made，how it is used，how it may change，what makes it new or significant)(3)对于说明性或描述性短文，可以用概括性文字说明某一现象。其模板为：现象揭示类：This article points out the common phenomenon(主题)，which.(补充解释)利弊对比类：The article compar

10、es the disadvantages/benefits of A and BA.while B.研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) that.The purpose of the report is to show that.三、写作步骤1弄清要求，有的放矢。概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。2细读原文，确定主题句。首先要仔细阅读短文，确定文章的主题句，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。主题句一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。3寻找关键词，列出原文要点。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目

11、决定了概括的信息浓度。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。1 (20196月浙江)Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids，says, “Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving ki

12、ds a lot of praise，parents think theyre building their childrens confidence，when，in fact，it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way thats insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents pr

13、aise has put them.Still，dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and，as a result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of

14、 praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themsel

15、ves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out ther

16、e every day and playing hard，you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when he/she has worked hard to clean the yard，cook dinner，or finish a book report.But whatever it is，praise should be gi

17、ven on a casebycase basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.思路点拨文章体裁：议论文时态：一般现在时为主文章大意： 父母对孩子的过多表扬或过少都会带来不好的影响，恰当的表扬应着重表扬孩子做事过程中的努力而非结果，并建立在实际情况的基础上。段落大意：1现在的父母表扬孩子过多，会带来负面的影响，如孩子害怕尝试新事物或者害怕达不到父母的高期待等。2过少的表扬也是有害的，会让孩子觉得自己不够好，没有得到父母的关心或觉得自己的努力没有意义。3正确的方式应该是注

18、重赞美的质量而不是数量，注重孩子努力的过程而非结果。4表扬要适当，要根据实际情况。变式表达要点1(1)Giving children too much praise can be bad for them.(概括明了)(2)Parents praise their kids to build their confidence but giving them a lot of praise may be just the opposite.(交代目的和反作用)要点2(1)Not praising them is also harmful，which makes them not try hard

19、.(定语从句，简洁)(2)Kids will lose heart if not praised enough.(状语从句、省略句，简单明了)要点3(1)We should pay more attention to the quality of praise rather than the quantity，and we should remember the process is more important than the end.(并列句，交代两个方面的问题)(2)Actually，what really matters is the quality rather than the

20、quantity of praise，which should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result.(actually的使用，使前后衔接紧凑)要点4(1) Praising children appropriately is important，which can encourage and recognize them.(which定语从句说明目的)(2) In a word，praising children should be based on the facts and their effort

21、s，with the purpose of encouraging and recognizing them.(in a word概括全文)参考范文Parents praise their children to promote their confidence，but too much praise may result in opposite effects.(要点1) However，kids may feel discouraged when not given enough praise.(要点2)Actually，what really matters is the quality

22、 rather than the quantity of praise，which should be sincere and concentrate on process instead of result.(要点3) Praise offers encouragement and recognition，while it should be based on the fact and correspond with the effort.(要点4)2 (201811月浙江)Its a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply b

23、ecause their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms，classrooms and athletic equipment and，of course，the students.It seems a little crazy once se

24、nior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses，and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life，and do all the research you can to make sure you are ma

25、king the right one.Theres no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact，a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus，and obviously，if you live across the country that wont be as much of a possibility，but if you live nearby，go check it out!If campus visits arent g

26、oing to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools youd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you dont like about certain campuses，things that you wouldn

27、t know unless you actually visit.Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.Its a chance to chat online with admissions officers，students，and college counselors(顾问)，and it wont cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fa

28、ir at .While visiting an online college fair cant take the place of an actual campus visit，it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities youd like to attend.思路点拨文章体裁：议论文时态：一般现在时为主文章大意： 上大学之前需要全面地了解你所感

29、兴趣的学校，文章介绍了几种了解大学的途径。段落大意：1在上哪所大学之前需要全面地了解你所感兴趣的学校，实地考察是了解学校的最好途径。2如果有可能，尽量去参观一下当地的大学校园。3倘若实在没有时间在申请之前去看，那么也要在提交申请和接到录取通知书这段时间之间去了解你想去的学校。4当你既没有时间也没有财力的时候，上网浏览网上大学博览会也是一个不错的选择。变式表达要点1(1) Its good to visit colleges before you apply.(概括简洁明了)(2)There is no doubt that it is beneficial for you to visit c

30、olleges before applying.(there is no doubt that.，同位语从句的运用提升句子档次)要点2(1) If you live near the college，do visit it in person.(do强调动作)(2)It is necessary to pay a visit to the local colleges，which may be asked in applications.(定语从句使句子更生动)要点3(1)Only when you visit the college in advance can you find wheth

31、er it is appropriate for you.(运用倒装强调提前参观大学的好处)(2) At least，you should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance.(at least起到了很好的衔接作用)要点4(1)If you have no time or money，it is a good idea to surf the online college fairs.(概括简洁)(2)Time and money limited，you can register for the online college fairs to visit the colleges.(独立主格结构说明条件不具备)参考范文Its really worthwhile for students to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying.(要点1)Undoubtedly，students should visit their local c