托福阅读模拟题1.docx

1、托福阅读模拟题1托福阅读模拟题（1）TheworkoftherailroadpioneersinAmericabecamethebasisforagreatsurgeofrailroadbuildinghalfwaythroughthenineteenthcenturythatlinkedthenationtogetherasneverbefore.Railroadseventuallybecamethenationsnumberonetransportationsystem,andremainedsountiltheconstructionoftheinterstatehighwaysyst

2、emhalfwaythroughthetwentiethcentury.Theywereofcrucialimportanceinstimulatingeconomicexpansion,buttheirinfluencereachedbeyondtheeconomyandwaspervasiveinAmericansocietyatlarge. By1804,EnglishaswellasAmericaninventorshadexperimentedwithsteamenginesformovinglandvehicles.In1920,JohnStevensranalocomotivea

3、ndcarsaroundinacirculartrackonhisNewJerseyestate,whichthepublicsawasanamusingtoy.Andin1825,afteropeningashortlengthoftrack,theStocktontoDarlingtonRailroadinEnglandbecamethefirstlinetocarrygeneraltraffic.Americanbusinesspeople,especiallythoseintheAtlanticcoastalregionwholookedforbettercommunicationwi

4、ththeWest,quicklybecameinterestedintheEnglishexperiment.ThefirstcompanyinAmericatobeginactualoperationswastheBaltimoreandOhio,whichopenedathirteen-milelengthoftrackin1830.Itusedateamofhorsestopullatrainofpassengercarriagesandfreightwagonsalongthetrack.Steamlocomotivepowerdidntcomeintoregularserviceu

5、ntiltwoyearslater. However,forthefirstdecadeormore,therewasnotyetatruerailroadsystem.Eventhelongestofthelineswasrelativelyshortinthe1830s,andmostofthemservedsimplytoconnectwaterroutestoeachother,nottolinkonerailroadtoanother.Evenwhentwolinesdidconnect,thetracksoftendifferedinwidth,socarsfromonelinec

6、ouldntfitontotracksofthenextline.Scheduleswereunreliableandwreckswerefrequent.Significantly,however,someimportantdevelopmentsduringthe1830sand1840sincludedtheintroductionofheavierironrails,moreflexibleandpowerfullocomotives,andpassengercarswereredesignedtobecomemorestable,comfortable,andlarger.Bythe

7、endof1830only23milesoftrackhadbeenlaidinthecountry.Butby1936,morethan1,000milesoftrackhadbeenlaidinelevenStates,andwithinthedecade,almost3,000mileshadbeenconstructed.Bythatearlyage,theUnitedStateshadalreadysurpassedGreatBritaininrailroadconstruction,andparticularlyfromthemid-1860s,thelatenineteenthc

8、enturybelongedtotherailroads. 1Theword“stimulating”inline5isclosestinmeaningto (a)helping (b)changing (c)promoting (d)influencing 2Theword“their”inline6refersto (a)railroadpioneers (b)railroads (c)theinterstatehighwaysystem (d)Americansociety 3Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage? (a)TheUn

9、itedStatesregardedGreatBritainasacompetitorindevelopingthemostefficientrailroadsystem (b)Steamlocomotivepowerwasfirstusedin1832 (c)Americanbusinessmensawrailroadsasathreattoestablishedbusinesses (d)Steamlocomotivesreplacedhorsesbecauseofthedistancesacrossthecountry 4 Theauthorconcludesthatforth

10、efirstdecadeormore,therewasnotyetatrue railroadsystembecause (a)passengercarswerenotstable,comfortableorlarge (b)locomotiveswerenotpowerfulenough (c)scheduleswereunreliableandwreckswerefrequent (d)lineswererelativelyshortandnotusuallylinked 5Theword“schedules”inline23isclosestinmeaningto: (a)safetyp

11、rocedures (b)employees (c)timetables (d)railroadtracks 6WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe1830sand1840s(line24) (a)passengercarsbecamelarger (b)scheduleswerereliable (c)locomotivesbecamemorepowerful (d)trackswereheavier 7Theword“stable”inline26isclosestinmeaningto (a)fixed (b)supportive (c)reliabl

12、e (d)sound 8Bywhattimehadalmost3,000milesoftrackbeenlaid? (a)1830 (b)1836 (c)1840 (d)mid-1860s 9Theword“surpassed”inline 29isclosestinmeaningto (a)exceeded (b)beaten (c)overtaken (d)equaled 10Whereinthepassagedoestheauthoroutlinethemainconclusionsaboutthe importanceofrailroadsinAmerica? (a)Line

13、s3-7 (b)Lines14-18 (c)Lines19-21 (d)Lines29-31 11WhydoestheauthorincludedetailsaboutGreatBritaininthepassage? (a)TocomparedevelopmentsinboththeUnitedStatesandGreatBritain (b)Toillustratethecompetitivenessbetweenthetwocountries (c)ToshowwhereAmericansgottheirideasandtechnologyfrom (d)Toprovideamoreco

14、mpletehistoricalcontext Questions12-19 TheNobelPeacePrizeisawardedannuallyandthefirstwomantowinthisprizewasBaronessBerthaFelicieSophievonSuttnerin1905.Infact,herworkinspiredthecreationofthePrize.ThefirstAmericanwomantowinthisprizewasJaneAddams,in1931.However,AddamsisbestknownasthefounderofHullHouse.

15、  JaneAddamswasbornin1860,intoawealthyfamily.Shewasoneofasmallnumberofwomeninhergenerationtograduatefromcollege.Hercommitmenttoimprovingthelivesofthosearoundherledhertoworkforsocialreformandworldpeace.Inthe1880sJaneAddamstravelledtoEurope.WhileshewasinLondon,shevisitedasettlementhousecalledToyn

16、beeHall.InspiredbyToynbeeHall,Addamsandherfriend,EllenGatesStarr,openedHullHouseinaneighborhoodofslumsinChiacagoin1899.HullHouseprovidedadaycarecenterforchildrenofworkingmothers,acommunitykitchen,andvisitingnurses.AddamsandherstaffgaveclassesinEnglishliteracy,art,andothersubjects.HullHousealsobecame

17、ameetingplaceforclubsandlaborunions.MostofthepeoplewhoworkedwithAddamsinHullHousewerewelleducated,middle-classwomen.HullHousegavethemanopportunitytousetheireducationanditprovidedatraininggroundforcareersinsocialwork. BeforeWorldWarI,AddamswasprobablythemostbelovedwomaninAmerica.Inanewspaperpollthata

18、sked,“Whoamongourcontemporariesareofthemostvaluetothecommunity?”,JaneAddamswasratedsecond,afterThomasEdison.WhensheopposedAmericasinvolvementinWorldWarI,however,newspapereditorscalledheratraitorandafool,butsheneverchangedhermind.JaneAddamswasastrongchampionofseveralothercauses.Until1920,Americanwome

19、ncouldnotvote.AddamsjoinedinthemovementforwomenssuffrageandwasavicepresidentoftheNationalAmericanWomanSuffrageAssociation.ShewasafoundingmemberoftheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),andwaspresidentoftheWomensInternationalLeagueforPeaceandFreedom.Herreputationwasgraduallyrest

20、oredduringthelastyearsofherlife.Shediedofcancerin1935. 12Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassagemainlyconcerned? (a)ThefirstawardoftheNobelPeacePrizetoanAmericanwoman (b)Awomansworkforsocialreformandworldpeace (c)The earlydevelopmentofSocialWorkinAmerica (d)ContributionsofeducatedwomentoAme

21、ricansociety 13Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage? (a)theworkofBaronessBerthaFelicieSophievonSuttnerwasaninspiration toJaneAddams (b)JaneAddamsismostfamousforheropeningofHullHouse (c)thosewholivednearHullHousehadverypoorliteracyskills (d)Janeaddamsconsideredherselfasacitizenoftheworldrat

22、herthanofoneparticularcountry 14Theword“commitment”inline6isclosestinmeaningto (a)involvement (b)obligation (c)dedication (d)enthusiasm 15JaneAddamswasinspiredtoopenHullHousebecause: (a)itgaveeducatedwomenanopportunitytousetheireducationanddevelop careersinsocialwork (b)shetraveledtoEuropeinthe1880s

23、 (c)shevisitedToynbeeHall (d)shewasinvitedbyasettlementhouseinChicago 16Theword“their”inline15refersto (a)childrenofworkingmothers (b)middle-classwomen (c)visitingnurses (b)laborunionmembers 17Theword“contemporaries”inline18isclosestinmeaningto (a)peopleofthesametime (b)famouspeoplestillalive (c)ele

24、ctedofficials (d)peopleoldenoughtovote 18Accordingtothepassage,JaneAddamsreputationwasdamagedwhenshe (a)allowedHullHousetobecomeameetingplaceforclubsandlaborunions (c)joinedinthemovementforwomenssuffrage  (c)becameafoundingmemberoftheNAACP (d)opposedAmericasinvolvementinWorldWarI 19Whereinthepa

25、ssagedoestheauthormentiontheservicesprovidedbyHullHouse? (a)lines5-10 (b)lines10-15 (c)lines15-20 (d)lines20-25 Questions20-29 Themedievalartistsdidntknowaboutperspective;theydidntwanttomaketheirpeoplelooklikereal,individualpeopleinareal,individualscene.Theywantedtoshowthetruth,theeternalqualityofth

26、eirreligiousstories.Sotheseartistsdidntneedtoknowaboutperspective. IntheEuropeanRenaissanceperiod,artistswantedtoshowtheimportanceofthe individualpersonandhisorherpossessionsandsurroundings.Aflatmedievalstylecouldntshowthislevelofrealityandtheartistsneededanewtechnique.ItwastheItalianartistBrunelleschiwhodiscovered