初中语法系列.docx

1、初中语法系列【初中语法系列】一般现在时，好像很简单！（关于题目，我想说的是，一般现在时看似最简单，其实它和其它时态最不一样。其它时态说的都是具体时间发生的具体事件，而一般现在时强调的是一段时间内的状态或反复发生的动作，即客观事实。）一般现在时（The Simple Present Tense）是我们英语学习中接触到的第一个时态，也是初一英语最重要的语法内容之一。来和小简老师全方位学习一下一般现在时吧！新学期、新气象，好的开始是成功的一半哦！一. 一般现在时有三种形式1.谓语是be（am/is/are）的一般现在时。肯定形式：主语+be+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。I am hungry.Yo

2、u are beautiful.He is a doctor.否定形式：主语+be+not+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）。I am not hungry.You arent beautiful.He isnt a doctor.一般疑问句形式：Be+主语+表语（形容词、名词充当表语）?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be+not.Are you hungry?Yes，I am./No,Im not.Is he a doctor?Yes, he is./No, he isn,t.特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+Be开头的一般疑问句?What is he?He is a do

3、ctor.注意：be要随着主语变。2. 谓语是情态动词can/may.+动词原形的一般现在时。肯定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.+动词原形+宾语。I can finish my homework.否定形式：主语+情态动词can/may.+not+动词原形+宾语。I cant finish my homework.一般疑问句形式：情态动词Can/May.+主语+动词原形+主语+宾语。肯定回答是：Yes,主语+情态动词. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ 情态动词+not.Can you finish your homework?Yes，I can./No, I cant.特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问

4、词+情态动词can/may.开头的一般疑问句？What can you do?I can do my homework.注意：情态动词can/may.+动词原形。3. 谓语动词是实义动词（及物动词或不及物动词）的一般现在时。肯定形式：“主语+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+不及物动词”。She has a little brother.她有一个弟弟。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。否定形式：“主语+dont/doesnt+及物动词+宾语”或“主语+dont/doesnt+不及物动词”。She doesnt have a little brother.她没有弟弟。I

5、 dont eat every morning.我每天早晨都不吃饭。一般疑问句形式：“Do/Does+主语+及物动词原形+宾语”或“Do/Does+主语+不及物动词原形”。肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does. 否定回答是：No, 主语+ dont/doesnt.Do you eat every morning?Yes, I do./No, I dont.Does she have a little brother?Yes, she does./No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does开头的一般疑问句？What do you like?When do you go

6、 to school?注意：根据主语确定用do还是does。二. 一般现在时的用法1.一般现在时表示现在的状态 ；表示经常性或习惯性的动作；表示主语具备的性格和能力；表示客观事实或普遍真理等。例如：He is twelve.他十二岁了。I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。They can speak Japanese.他们会说日语。2.一般现在时常和表示时间的频度副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。例如：1. I often read books in the evening.我经常

7、在晚上读书。2. Do they usually go to school by bike?他们通常骑自行车去上学吗？3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.他不喜欢牛奶。他从来不喝它。4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.有时候妈妈五点钟回来。3.一般现在时也常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night, every day, on Sunday(s), at seven 等。例如：Do

8、 they have math in the morning?他们早上有数学课吗？She sleeps nine hours every night.她每晚睡九个小时。It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.每天写作业花费我两个小时的时间。They dont have classes on Sundays.他们周日不上课。三. 动词第三人称单数的构成1. 动词原形后面直接加-slooklooksreadreadsplayplays stopstops2. 在以字母s, x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词后加-esmissmissesfixf

9、ixeswatchwatcheswashwashesgogoesdodoes3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-escarrycarriesstudystudieshurryhurriescrycries4. 特殊变化have-hasbe-is 【初中语法系列】一般将来时，结构是重点！一般将来时是初二英语要学习的内容，在初中整个语法系统中占非常重要的内容，也是历次考试的高频考点。今天，小简老师给你整理了初中阶段涉及到的一般将来时的全部内容，好好学，收获大大的哦！1一般将来时的含义一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。2一般将来时的基本结构1.will

10、/shall+动词原形will 在陈述句中用于各种人称；shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。否定式：will not=wontshall not=shant一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？I will/shall do a better job next time.下次我要做得好些。Oil and water will not mix.油和水没法混在一起。Will he help you with your English tonight?今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗？Yes, he will./No, he wont.是的，

11、他会。/不，他不会。When will you arrive for America?你什么时候去美国？Tomorrow.明天。2. am/is/are going to +动词原形否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形一般疑问式：am/is/are+主语+going to +动词原形+其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London.他打算在伦敦度假。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。Is h

12、e going to collect any data for us?他会帮我们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？3will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。1. will主要用于在以下三个方面：（1）表示主观意愿的将来。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他们将去厂参观工厂。Ill come wi

13、th Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。（2）表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年这个时候他就（将）三十岁。（3）表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。Mary has been ill for a week.玛丽病了一周了。Oh, I didnt know. I will go and see her.噢，我不知道。我去

14、看看她。2. be going to主要用于一下两个方面：（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。（2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！乌云密集。天要下雨了。4用其他时态表示将来含义的情况1. 用现在进行时表示将来。瞬时动词和持续动词都可以用其现在进行时表达将来的含义，主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。（瞬时动词的

15、进行时任何时候都表示将来的含义，持续动词的进行时只有在含有将来的时间状语或将来语境的条件下才表示将来）The bus is coming.公交车就要来了。The students are leaving on Sunday.学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week.我们下星期将开一个晚会。2. 用一般现在时表示将来。（1）come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时位移动词的一般现在时可以表示将来含义，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow

16、 morning.火车明天上午六点开。（2）在时间或条件状语从句中。（主将从现）Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will have a party in the park.如果明天不下雨，我们就在公园举行一个聚会。5There be结构的一般将来时肯定式：There will be；There is/are going to be否定式：There wont be；There is/are not going to be一般疑问式：Will there b

17、e.；Is/are there going to be.特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式There will be a basketball match this afternoon.=There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.今天下午会有一场篮球赛。There wont be a basketball match this afternoon.=There isnt going to be a basketball match this afternoon.今天下午没有篮球赛。Will there be a basketb

18、all match this afternoon?=Is there going to be a basketball match this afternoon?今天下午有篮球赛吗？When will there be a basketball match?=When is there going to be a basketball match?什么时候有一场篮球赛？6一般现在时练习题() 1.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will

19、go to be() 2.Charlie _ here next month.A. isnt workB. doesnt workingC. isnt going to workingD. wont work() 3.He _ very busy this week, he_free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be() 4.There_ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will hav

20、eD. is going to be() 5._ you _ free tomorrow?No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will beD. Are; going to be; will be() 6.Mother_ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will givesB. will giveC. givesD. give() 7. Shall I buy a cup of t

21、ea for you?_.（不，不要。）A. No, you wont.B. No, you arent.C. No, please dont.D. No, please.() 8.Where is the morning paper?I _ if for you at once.A. getB. am gettingC. to getD. will get() 9._ a concert next Saturday?A. There will beB. Will there beC. There can beD. There are() 10. If they come, we _ a me

22、eting.A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. would have() 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. givesB. gaveC. will givingD. is going to give() 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there.A. writesB. has writtenC. will writeD. wrote() 13. He _ in three days.A. coming backB. came backC. will come bac

23、kD. is going to coming back() 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rainB. wont rainC. doesnt rainD. doesnt fine() 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?No, _（不去）A. they willnt.B. they wont.C. they arent.D. they dont.KEYS：1. C2. D3. D4. D5. D6. B7. C8. D9. B

24、10. B11. D12. C13. C14. C15. B【初中语法系列】一般过去时全解一般过去时是初二学到的语法内容，在中考中占有及其重要的地位。今天，小简老师给大家带来了关于一般过去时的全面解析，好好学哟！我们可以先记一下一般过去时口诀：1.一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 2.动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 3.否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。4.一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。 5. 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。6. 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。一、基本结构1. 肯定句形式：主语+动词过去式

25、+其他 I was an English teacher one year ago.一年前我是一名英语老师。I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。2. 否定句形式：was/were+not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词 I wasnt an English teacher one year ago.一年前我不是一名英语老师。I didnt buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。3. 一般疑问句：was/were提到句首； Did+主语+动

26、词原形+其他？Were you an English teacher one year ago?一年前你是一名英语老师吗？Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗？4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What were you one year ago?一年前你是做什么的？When did you buy a yellow dress?你什么时候买了一条黄裙子？二、基本用法1.表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态（与现在无关）。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just n

27、ow, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事？2.在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。注：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now.他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。Whenever we were in troubl

28、e, he would help us.每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。3.表示主语过去的特征或性格。At that time she was very good at English.那时她英语学得很好。4.一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。I wondered if you could help me.不知你能不能帮我一下。5. 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。I didnt know you were here.没想到你在这里。注意：1. 表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后

29、两个动词之间用and连结。He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不”。Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it.请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。是2566666。【常见考法】对于一般过去时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用一般过去时，或动词过去式的正确变化，或一般过去时的句型构成。典型例题1：1. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.（改为一般疑问句）答案：Did Xiao Lin go fishing this mo