1、语法专项突破语法专项突破语法专项十二语法专项十二并列连词和状语从句并列连词和状语从句知识必备知识必备 1并列连词归纳并列连词归纳属性属性连接词连接词典型例句典型例句并列并列关系关系and,not only.but also,neither.nor.Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.选择选择关系关系or,either.or.,otherwise,or elseEither you are mad,or I am.转折转折关系关系but,yet,while,whenMary
2、was a nice girl,but she had one shortcoming.因果因果关系关系for,soSomeone is coming,for the dog is barking.2.使用时特别注意其连词特性使用时特别注意其连词特性(1)and,not only.but(also).,neither,nor,neither.nor.等等词连接接的的并并列列句句,在在意意义上上主主要要对前前一一句句子作子作补充或引申,包括肯定和否定两方面的意充或引申,包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。如:。如:Think it over,and youll find a way out.仔仔细考考虑
3、,你将,你将发现一条出路。一条出路。Neither does he work hard,nor does his brother.他和他兄弟工作都不努力。他和他兄弟工作都不努力。(2)or,either.or.连接并列句表示接并列句表示选择意意义。如:。如:The children can go with us,or they can stay in.(选择)孩子孩子们可以跟我可以跟我们一起去,也可以留下。一起去,也可以留下。Be careful,or you will break your neck.(否定条件否定条件)小心点,否小心点,否则你会折断脖子的。你会折断脖子的。二、状语从句二、状
4、语从句状状语语从从句句在在主主从从复复合合句句中中修修饰饰主主句句中中的的动动词词、形形容容词词或或副副词词等等,按按意意义义可可分分为为时时间间、地地点点、原原因因、目目的的、结结果果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。1时间状语从句时间状语从句通通常常由由从从属属连连词词when,whenever,as,while,before,after,as soon as,till(until),since,once(一一旦旦)等等引引导导。如:如:Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人工作人工作时,
5、请不要大声不要大声说话。Once you understand the rules of the game,youll enjoy it.一旦你理解了游一旦你理解了游戏规则,你就会享受到它的,你就会享受到它的乐趣。趣。as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner.than.和和hardly/scarcely.when.(一一就就)这些些从从属属连词引引导的的从从句句都都表表示示从从句句的的动作作一一发生生,主主句句的的动作作随随即即就就发生生,常常译为“一一就就”。从从
6、句句中中用一般用一般时态代替将来代替将来时态。如:。如:The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音,我就知道父我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。来了。No sooner had we arrived at the station that the train left.我我们一到一到车站,火站,火车就离站了。就离站了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一那男孩一见到到妈妈便放声大哭。便放声大哭。注注意意:no sooner.tha
7、n.和和hardly/scarcely.when.的的时态搭搭配配:no sooner与与hardly/scarcely引引导的的句句子子的的谓语动词应用用过去去完完成成时,而而than与与when引引导的的句句子子的的谓语动 词 应 用用 一一 般般 过 去去 时。此此 外外,当当 把把 no sooner和和hardly/scarcely提到句首提到句首时,应用倒装用倒装语序。如:序。如:Ihad hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我一到家就下起雨来。我一到家就
8、下起雨来。2地点状语从句地点状语从句通通常常由由连词where和和wherever引引导,从从句句可可位位于于主主句句之前,也可位于主句之后。如:之前,也可位于主句之后。如:Make a mark where you have any questions.在你有在你有问题的地方作个的地方作个标记。3原因状语从句原因状语从句通通常常由由because,since,as,now that,seeing(that),considering that等引等引导。如:。如:Seeing that its raining,wed better stay indoors.既然下雨,我既然下雨,我们最好待在室
9、内。最好待在室内。Now that you have grown up,you must do it by yourself.既然你已既然你已经长大了,就必大了,就必须自己做自己做这件事。件事。Considering that I have told you three times,you must know it.鉴于我已于我已经告告诉你三次,你必你三次,你必须知道它。知道它。4目的状语从句目的状语从句目目的的状状语从从句句通通常常由由that,so that,in order that,so,for fear that,in case等引等引导。如:。如:The teacher must
10、speak clearly so that his students can understand well.老老师必必须讲话清楚,学生才能理解得好。清楚,学生才能理解得好。Take your umbrella in case it should rain.拿着雨拿着雨伞,以防下雨。,以防下雨。(1)目目的的状状语从从句句中中的的谓语常常含含有有may(might),can(could),should,will等等情情态动词。通通常常主主句句在在前前,从从句句在在后,主句与从句之后,主句与从句之间没有逗号。没有逗号。(2)由由that引引导的的目目的的状状语从从句句现在在用用得得较少少,通通常
11、常被被so that或或in order that所所取取代代,in order that多多用用于于正正式式文文体中,体中,so可用于口可用于口语或非正式文体中。如:或非正式文体中。如:Well sit near the front so(that)we can hear better.为了听得更好我了听得更好我们坐得更靠近前台。坐得更靠近前台。(3)在在非非正正式式文文体体中中,常常用用in case,for fear that引引导目目的状的状语从句,表示从句,表示“以防、以免以防、以免”等。如:等。如:The boy hid himself behind the tree in cas
12、e his father should see him.这个男孩藏在个男孩藏在树后,以防他爸爸看后,以防他爸爸看见。He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字他把名字记下来以防忘下来以防忘记。5结果状语从句结果状语从句通通常常由由连词that,so that,so.that,such.that等等引引导。如:。如:He had overslept,so that he was late for work.他睡他睡过头了,了,结果上班果上班迟到了。到了。He was so angry that he left the
13、 room without saying a word.他如此生气以致于什么也没他如此生气以致于什么也没说就离开了房就离开了房间。He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.他做了个如此他做了个如此优秀的演秀的演讲以致于每个人都崇拜他。以致于每个人都崇拜他。6条件状语从句条件状语从句通通常常由由if,unless“如如果果不不,除除非非”,as(so)long as“只只要要”,in case(that)“结果,万一果,万一”等等连词引引导。如:。如:In case anything important happens,
14、please call me up.万一万一发生了什么重要事情,生了什么重要事情,请打打电话给我。我。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你有信心,你就能成功。只要你有信心,你就能成功。7方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由通常由as,as if,as though引引导。如:。如:You must do the exercise as I show you.你必你必须按我按我给你展示的方式做你展示的方式做练习。as if,as though引引导的的状状语从从句句,多多描描述述非非现实情情况况,应用虚用虚拟语气,但口气,但口语中也有用
15、中也有用陈述述语气的。如:气的。如:The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老人老人对待待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。He walked slowly as if(though)he had hurt his leg.他走路慢得就像腿受他走路慢得就像腿受伤了。了。8比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由通常由as.as,not so(as).as,than等引等引导。如:。如:His brother is as handsome as he(him)他的哥哥像他一他的哥哥像他一样帅。The film was
16、not so(as)good as I had expected.这部部电影比我期望得差。影比我期望得差。He swims faster than any other student in his class.他比班里其他任何同学都游得快。他比班里其他任何同学都游得快。9让步状语从句让步状语从句通通常常由由though,although,as(虽然然,尽尽管管),even if,even though,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however,no matter who(what,which,when,where,how),whether等引等引导。(1)由由although,though,as引引导的的状状语从从句句although和和though同同义,用用法法基基本本相相同同。前前者者较正正式式,多多置置于于句句首首;后者后者较通俗、口通俗、口语化。如:化。如:He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.尽管他有尽管他有钱,但并不幸福。,但并不幸福。as引引
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