高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧.ppt

1、CollegeEntranceExaminationEnglishReadingComprehension高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题英语考纲-阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。阅读题型阅读题型细节理解猜测词义推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构解题技巧细节理解词义猜测推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构主旨大意题主旨大意题加工与浓缩信息的能力加工与浓缩信息的能力加

2、工与浓缩信息的能力加工与浓缩信息的能力考察要点：这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题主题和理解中心思想中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心主题和中心句句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。主题句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括:一篇文章或一个段落一般表达一个中心内容或主题。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的主要内容概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和

3、高度的综合性和概括性概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.主主旨旨大大意意题题标题标题文章主旨文章主旨段落主旨段落主旨Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.1 Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For

4、 example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.to try to judge a person only by his appea

5、ranceSo,it is foolish2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying tohide his own weakness.So,it is foolishto try to judge a person only by his appearancecalle

6、d“bait and switchThis sales method is”.3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant i

7、s quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.

8、called“bait and switchThis sales method is”.4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.

9、He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.Tom received a excellent education 1.Whatsthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph2/?2.Whatdoesthethird/paragraphdiscuss?3.Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph?4.Paragraph5/mainlytalksabout_段落主旨段落主旨QuestionForms主主题题句句的的呈呈现现段首段首提出主题提出主题,随之用细节

10、来解释随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。最常见的演绎法写作方式。段尾段尾通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作而后又作进一步的解释进一步的解释,支撑或发展。支撑或发展。无主无主题句题句即主题句隐含在全段中即主题句隐含在全段中,没有明确的主题句没有明确的主题句.必须根必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合综合分析，归纳成一般概念分析，归纳成一般概念。必须注意

11、的是，既不能以。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。在表述在表述细节后细节后,归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象,结论建议或结果结论建议或结果,以概括主题以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。式。段中段中d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea1)What is the topic sentence of the passage?2)This article/text/passage mainly tells that _.3)Which of the

12、 following gives a general idea of the passage?4)Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?5.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?文章主旨大意文章主旨大意QuestionForms1.1.新闻报道新闻报道 News report News report Explanationof5W,1HMoredetailsof5W,1HBackgroundandrele

13、vantevents1.BBC,VOACNN,AP,ChinaDaily,Reuters,AFP(AgenceFrancePresse)2.Payattentiontothetimeandtheplacebeforethepassagecalled3DTouchincludeanewrosegoldoptionandanewscreentechnologyThenewiPhones,calledthe6sand6sPlus SanFrancisco-,.TheiPhone6Sand6SPluscomeinfourfinishes-silver,gold,spacegreyandrosegold

14、-andcomeintwosizesthatmatchlastyearshandsetsmeasurements.Thephonealsohasanew,muchfasterchipApplesPhilSchillersaysisthefastesteverinaphone.ItwillcostthesameastheiPhone6and6Plus,from$199,andgoonsaleonSeptember25th.includeanewrosegoldoptionandanewscreentechnologyThenewiPhones,calledthe6sand6sPluscalled

15、3DTouch.2说明文的基本结构Descriptive writingExamplesComparisonClassificationreasonswhyyoushouldplanatriphereinthecomingmonths.someofthebest Cooltemperatures,goldencolorsofautumnanddramaticeventsarejustthreereasonstovisitOregonsWashingtonCountythisfall.Theseasonbringsalargenumberofplacestoseeandthingstodo.We

16、vecollectedItsaHarvestSeasonAutumnmarkstheheightoftheagriculturalseason,.TheColorsAreChangingOnacool,autumnday,therural,agriculturalandforestedsceneryofOregonsWashingtonCountycomesalivewithbrightred,orangeandyellowleavessomeofthebestreasonswhyyoushouldplanatriphereinthecomingmonths.BirdMigrationSeasonIsinHighSeasonSeptemberandOctoberarebusymonthsforbirdwatchersExperienceTree-to-TreeAdventuresatSunsetEnjoythecrisptemperaturesandrichcolorsoftheseasonatTreetoTreeAdventurePark5.Whichisthemainideaoft