江西省南昌市高考英语名校名师精品闯关冲刺讲义回扣写作 2.docx

1、江西省南昌市高考英语名校名师精品闯关冲刺讲义回扣写作 2图表式作文写作指导写作指导图表式作文写作要求学生通过对数据和文字内容进行分析与讨论，系统准确地表达内容，并得出令人心服的结论。一、图表式作文形式：1、以表格形式，将统计数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来，即统计表。2、以图形形式，可分为： (a) 以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图; (b) 以条形方式表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异;(c) 以圆内扇形的大小表示总体内部结构变化的圆形图。二、图表式作文三步骤：（一）开门见山：点明图表所反映的主题。1、常用词汇：table, chart, figure（数字）, graph（图表）, de

2、scribe（描述）, tell, show, represent(代表)等等。2、常用句型：The graph/chart/table above shows ：上面图表表明From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that.：从以上图表可以看出 As is shown in the graph，.：如图所示 The chart/table shows the differences between: 图表表明的区别。例如：The tableshow the changes in the number of unemployment over th

3、e period from 1997 to 1999. 该表格描述了1997-1999年间失业数字的变化。As can be seen from the graph, the two curves(曲线) shows the fluctuation of the inflation in recent years. 如图所示，两条曲线描述了近年来通货膨胀的波动情况。（二）分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。1、常用转折，对比及比较的词汇：While（然而）, but, on the contrary

4、（正相反）, however, compared with（与相比）, in contrast to（与形成对照）, asas, the same as, be similar to, difference between, among, more than, less than2、常用描写趋势变化的词汇： increase, rise, go up, reduce, drop, go down, fall, reach, remain, by/to, slowly, slightly, gradually, sharply, rapidly, the number of, fromto及比较

5、级，倍数句型等。3、常用句型： Facts: 1. (There was) a great /slight increase /rise in: (在方面)有大的/轻微的增加/上升。 The number of students has reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared with last semester. 学生人数达到500人，与上学期相比上升了20%。2. There has been a sudden/slow/rapid decline/ fall /drop in，reaching 在方面有突然地 / 缓慢的 / 快速的

6、下降， 达到。3. It is 20% lower/higher than：比低/高20%。The output of grain this year is 20% lower than that of last year.4. The number /rate has nearly doubled, as against that of last year. 与去年相比，数字/ 比率几乎翻了一倍。5. The number is times as much as that of：数字是的几倍。 Our income this year is 3 times as much as that o

7、f last year.6. It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by/% / two thirds.增加/上升/减少了。7. By comparison with/ Compared with, it decrease / increase /fall fromto:与相比，它从减少/ 增加/ 下降到。Compared with that company, our sales figures have fallen from 10000 to 589. It falls from 50% in 2000 to 30% in 2004, and then

8、the trend reverse, finishing at 58% in 2005. 它从2000年的50%降到20XX年的30%，然后形势逆转，20XX年达到58%。 8. sink/drop/reduceto减少到Therateofstrikessank/droppedtothelowestpointin1979.9.experienceadecrease/decline有了减少Tobaccoconsumptionisexperiencingadecrease.10、起伏goupanddown起伏不定Thestrikeratewentupanddownduringtheperiodfr

9、om1952to1967.Therebeupsanddowns有起有伏Between1972and1979,therewereseveralupsanddownsin(某方面).11. 稳定remainsteady/level/unchanged保持稳定，几乎不变Therateofremainedsteady(fairlylevel/almostunchanged)duringthefouryearsfrom1963to1967.leveloff(vi.) 平稳 The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in Augus

10、t. 上升两周后，8月份开始平稳。12. .form/comprise/makeup/accountfor + 数字Womencomprisemorethan50%oftheU.S.population.Femalesmakeuponly24%oftheillustrationswhereasmalesconstitute76%.This year witnessed more imports of grain,accountingfor20%of the total. Reasons:1. The reason foris that2. One may think of the change

11、 as a result of3. The change inlargely results from the fact that4. There are several reasons for this significant growth in. First,. Second, 5. This brings out the important fact that（三）列举法中常用的句型： First (ly),; second (ly),; third (ly), First of all, ; then, ; thirdly, To start with ; moreover, ; at

12、 last, To begin with, ; most important of, ; in addition, （四）表示因果的词语： consequently, as a result, in consequence, therefore, hence, thus, accordingly, so, for, since （五）表示递进过渡的词语： besides, in addition ( to ), moreover, furthermore, whats more, to make things worse/ worse still / whats worse(更糟糕的是) （六

13、）归纳总结或发表评论。常用词汇：1. in a word / in short /generally speaking/ in brief/ in conclusion / on the whole2. Its clear from the chart that3. In summary/ to sum up, it is important4. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that5. Obviously, if we want to, it is necessary6. There is no

14、 doubt that attention must be paid7. There fore, it can be concluded that8. Given this, it can be inferred that 9. We can draw the conclusion that三、图表作文三个层次要求第一层次的核心是“图文转换”，即将图表的主要内容和信息用语言叙述出来。第二层次是在简单要求的基础上对图表进行解读，写出图表实际要表达的内涵意义。第三层次要求在前两个层次的基础上对图表的含义进行引申与议论，有的要求给出结论，有的要求写出你自己的观点等等四、图表式作文应注意的事项：1、审

15、题：（格式/人称/时态/要点/篇章结构）2、篇章结构：summary: 对象、内容、时态tense 一般过去时 facts : 描述抓关键；对比的写法tense有明确过去时间状语用过去时；无明确年份，反映一种普遍现象或介绍情况的用现在时reasons：出现某种现象的原因tense-一般现在时、一般过去时your own opinion/suggestions :tense-一般现在时、一般将来Section B应用实践一、表格（table）类作文请你根据下表提供的信息写一篇题为：Changes in Chinese Peoples Diet的短文。注意：1、尽可能少引用数据；2、词数100左右

16、。Item_1998_1999_2000_2001_2002_Grain_43%_42%_41%_41%_40%_Milk_13%_14%_14.5%_14.5%_15%_Meat_25%_25%_26%_26.5%_27.5%_Fruit/vegetables_19%_19%_18.5%_18%_17.5%_Total_100%_100%_100%_100%_100%_分析：本统计表描述中国人民从1998年至20XX年饮食结构的变化。短文可分为三小节：1) state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years;2) give pos

17、sible reasons for thechanges;3) draw your own conclusions.第一步：点明主题。From the above table, we can see that there have been some changes in the diet of the Chinese people.第二步：观察图表中数据的增减总趋势，分类式阐明，并说明原因。Grain, the main food of the most people in China, is now playing a less important role. The amount of

18、fruit and vegetables in the average persons diet has also dropped by 1.5 percent from 1998 to 2002. The amount of milk and meat has increased.The changes in diet can be explained by several reasons. For one thing, with the development of the economy, people can afford to buy better foods. For anothe

19、r, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet.第三步：归纳总结并得出结论。In a word, the changes are the signs of the improvement in peoples lives. There is no doubt that there will be greater changes in peoples diet in the future.二、柱形（bar chart）类作文某城市近年每百人中手机用户增长示意图分析：根据所给图表，简要描述某城市近年每百人中手机用户增长情况，并试分

20、析其增长原因第一层次的核心是“图文转换”，即将图表的主要内容和信息用语言叙述出来。第二层次是在简单要求的基础上对图表进行解读，写出图表实际要表达的内涵意义。第三层次要求在前两个层次的基础上对图表的含义进行引申与议论，有的要求给出结论，有的要求写出你自己的观点等等。As is shown in the bar chart above, more and more people have mobile phones in recent years.In 1999, only twenty in a hundred had mobile phones in some cities.In 2001,

21、The number of the people who had mobile phones was ten times as many as in 1999. In 2001, a half of the persons in a hundred had mobile phones. While in 2006 ,it jumped to 80.There are several reasons for the increase of the number of people having mobile phones. Firstly, the technology of making mo

22、bile phones is changing rapidly. Secondly, peoples income had been increasing quickly. Thirdly, mobile phone are useful in peoples life. They can communicate with others very conveniently. To sum up, we can see that there will be more and more people using mobile phones in the future.三曲线（graph）类作文根据

23、所给图表，写一篇题为“电影与电视”的短文。短文须包括以下要求：A、电影观众人数(thousand为单位)呈逐年下降趋势；B、电视观众人数越来越多（原因：方便、经济、选择范围）；C、然而还是有人喜欢看电影（原因：气氛、娱乐）。注意：1、短文须包括主要内容，可适当增减，使内容连贯；2、词数100左右；3、开头语已写好。参考词汇：decrease v.下降；atmosphere n.氛围；entertainment n.娱乐；film goer/ TV watcher电影/电视观众From the table, we can see that film is giving way to TV in

24、our city. For example, in 1992, there were less than 10 thousand TV watchers, more than 80 thousand film goers, while in 2002, we had about 1 million TV watchers but only about 10 thousand film goers. Why is the number of TV watcherincreasing?It is because of the fact that televisions are quite comm

25、on nowadays .And more and more people turn to TV for the reason that it is convenient and cheap so watchers have a wide range of programs for them to choose from. However at the same time, there are still some people who prefer films , they give their reasons that they like the atmosphere in the cin

26、ema as well as the entertainment.Anyhow, as far as I am concerned,between the two types of entertainments, I prefer watching TV.四、扇形(pie chart)类作文1、根据下面所给两幅图，完成100词左右的一篇短文（首句已给出）。参考词汇：expenses: n. 支出，费用The average family income in the U.S.has increased._.Percentage of Average Family in 1997Percentag

27、e of Average Family Expenses in 2002The Average Family Expenses分析：第一步：点明本圆形图所表明的主题。According to the two pie charts, we can know that the average family income in the U.S.has increased. The way the average family spends its income has also changed.第二步：描述两个圆形内数据间的变化极其原因。 In 1997, 25%of the income was

28、spent on housing and 18% on food and drink. 57% was used to meet all other expenses. In 2002, 32% was spent on housing, a big increase. Food and drink consumed 22%. The remaining expenses amount to 46%.It may because that as the development of peoples living standards, the use on food , drink and ho

29、using are also increasing.第三步：总结。Its clear from the charts that as incomes increase people can afford to live more comfortably and eat more.2、20XX年央视春晚的广告收入创新高，但节目中的植入广告引发了热议。最近，某网站举行了一次题为“对今年春晚植入广告的态度”的调查，请根据以下饼图(pie chart)所示信息用英语写一篇短文，并提出你自己的看法。注意：1.对所给提示，不要简单翻译，可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。2.词数150左右。开头已给出，不计入总词

30、数。3.植入广告： product placementThe 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates, which accordingly hascaused heated discussions due to product placement in the programmes._本篇书面题目中只有饼状图，在描述饼状图表所反映的内容时，要注意将正反两个方面的意见合并起来叙述。整个表达需要包括下列内容：对饼状图的描述；你对此事的看法：（支持或反对均可）。通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点：正面的意见1.20%的被调查者认为今年春晚广告的植入方式自然。2. 15%的被调查者认为春晚植入广告是央视发展的需要。负面的意见3. 10%的被调查者认为今年春晚植入广告损害了央视形象。4. 25%的被调查者认为今年春晚广告植入太多。5. 30%的被调查者认为今年春晚植入的广告与节目无关。我的观点（自拟）Para 1话题讨论的背景：题目中已经给出。The 2010 Spring Festival Gala has set records for TV commercial rates, which accordingly hascaused heated discussions due