指代题.ppt

1、阅读之指代题蓝秋婷识别单词间指代关系的能力主要考察代词、先行词等语法关系题目问法固定：ThewordXinthepassagerefersto指代题识别分类精读篇目推荐第一类：生物学/古生物学(17篇)OG:P40,P90Delta:P31,P37,P21/5-7,P33,P35,P42,P51/3-4,P86,P94,P128,P130/5,P131,P145/4-6,P183,P186第二类：天文学/地理学(14篇)OG:P48,P117Delta:P18,P25,P39,P73/1-2,P74/5-6,P82,P92,P111,P158,P165,P182,P192第三类：文学/历史/哲

2、学(16篇)OG:P80,P101Delta:P22,P24,P27,P52,P54,P56,P77,P114,P117,P132,P146/7-10,P149,P162,P196避免重复增强连贯性代词的功能题型5：指代题识别（refers to）题型说明OG 45分为词汇指代词汇指代和代词指代代词指代两种类型0-2 per set 分分类代代词人称代词主格he,she,it,they,we人称代词宾格him,her,it,them,us反称代词Himself,herself,itself,ourselves,themselves关系代词who,which,that,whom,when,whe

3、re,whose 形容词性物主代词his,her,its,their,our,第三人称名词性物主代词his,hers,ours,its,theirs指示代词或形容词this,that,these,those量词one,some,a few,many其它(形容词与代名词)all,either,none,the first,another,a few,one,the last,any,many,others,the former,both,most,several,the latter,each,neither,some,the other,little,few,all othersUnlikes

4、ister凤，sister芙蓉更PP，她拥有苗条的身材，标致的脸庞，和其他网络达人一样，suchasbrother春&曾，受到网友们的追捧。“她”refersto:Asister凤Bsister芙蓉Cbrother春Dbrother曾The simplest forms of inequality are based on age and sex.For example,old people may have a high or a low position;women may be ranked below men.But in every society there is another

5、form of inequality that ranks families rather than individuals.If a large number of families are similar to each other in education,income,and values,they constitute a social class.The word theythey in the passage refers tostratified societiesindividualslarge number of familieseducation,income,and v

6、alues以下标志可以断句句号关系代词或副词连词找到选项后带回原文指代题向前找答案原则一般来说后半句中代词（数量代词，人称代词）位于句首，指代前半句主语一个句子中若代词位于句首，指代前句主语。Pesticides temporarily increase the productivity of crops,until insects develop genetic resistance to them.The word themthem in the passage refers topesticidescropsinsectssoils1.语法原则：单复数一致，人称一致（基本所有题目的选项都

7、符合语法原则）2.前指原则：正确答案必在所考代词之前3.句内原则：正确答案与所考代词通常在同一句内，除非代词位于句首或出现指代传递现象4.语义原则：代入并译成中文解题四大原则1.人称代词在考试中经常考察的人称代词是they/it；they/it出现在句首通常指前半句或前一句的主语.Animalsneednaturalperiodicsignalslikesunrisetomaintainacyclewhoseperiodisprecisely24hours.Suchanexternalcuenotonlycoordinatesananimalsdailyrhythmswithparticula

8、rfeaturesofthelocalsolardaybutalsobecauseitnormallydoessodayafterday-seems to keep the internal clocks period close to that of Earthsrotation.ThewordItinthepassagereferstoanexternalcuesuchassunrisethedailyrhythmofananimalthelocalsolardayacyclewhoseperiodisprecisely24hoursWith the advent of projectio

9、n,the viewers relationship with theimagewasnolongerprivate,asithadbeenwithearlierpeepshowdevicessuchastheKinetoscope andtheMutoscope,whichwasasimilar machine that reproduced motion by means of successiveimages on individual photographic cards instead of on strips ofcelluloid.Itsuddenlybecamepublic-a

10、nexperiencethattheviewersharedwithdozens,scores,andevenhundredsofothers.TheadventofprojectionTheviewersrelationshipwiththeimageAsimilarmachineCelluloid投影Other statues were designed to be placed within an architecturalsetting,forinstance,infrontofthemonumentalentrancegatewaystotemplesknownaspylons,or

11、inpillaredcourts,wheretheywouldbeplacedagainstorbetweenpillars:theirfrontalityworkedperfectlywithinthearchitecturalcontext.statuesgatewaystemplespillaredcourts雕塑神殿有柱子的庭院2.平行结构Someothers;oneanother;atheone;asuch,notonlybutalso;Energy is the real currency of the world.We depend on energy to grow our f

12、ood,to keep us alive,and to warm and cool our bodies and the buildings where we live and work.We also use it to move people and other objects as well as to change matter from one physical or chemical form to another.The word another in the passage refers tocurrencyenergymatterformAt least one centra

13、l quality of musicrhythmic organizationcan exist apart from the ability of people to hear it.Some composers,such as Scriabin,have emphasized the important of the rhythmic aspect of music by translating their works into rhythmic series of colored forms.Others,such as Stravinsky,have stressed the sign

14、ificance of seeing music performed by an orchestra or a dance troupe.The word Others in the passage refers topeoplecomposersworksforms3.关系代词that,which,what通常就近指代。注意：which前边有插入语时，处理方法为去掉插入语原则3.如果碰到关系代词，一般是就近指代（往前找他最近的名词）喜欢加入插入成分（前后有逗号）跳过插入，找最近的名词4.This位于句首，有可能指代前一句的部分、整句、整个上一段的中心思想Withtheadventofproj

15、ection,theviewersrelationshipwith the image was no longer private,as it had beenwith earlier devices such as the Kinetoscope and theMutoscope,whichwasasimilarmachinethatreproducedmotionbymeansofsuccessiveimagesonindividual photographic cards instead of on strips ofcelluloid.3.指示代词This、TheseMany mill

16、ions of years after ferns evolved(but long before the Hawaiian Island were born from the sea),another kind of flora evolved on Earth:the seed-bearing plants.This was a wonderful biological invention.The word This in the passage refers tothe spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaiithe creation of the Hawaiian Islandsthe evolution of fernsthe development of plants that produce seedsFrom early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts.The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yu