1-5：英汉互译实践与技巧.ppt

1、英汉互译实践与技巧,第一讲 翻译简论第二讲 英汉语言对比研究第三讲 Diction 遣词用字第四讲 Amplification 增词法第五讲 Omission 省略法第六讲 Conversion 转换第七讲 Restructuring 结构调整第八讲 The Passive Voice 被动语态第九讲 Affirmative vs.Negative肯定与否定第十讲 Nominal Clauses 名词性从句第十一讲 Attributive Clause 定语从句第十二讲 Adverbial Clause 状语从句第十三讲 Long Sentences 长句的翻译,实用文体翻译1：简历实用文体翻

2、译2：求职信实用文体翻译3：通知实用文体翻译4：致辞实用文体翻译5：企业或学校简介实用文体翻译6：六级英语实用文体翻译7：考研英语实用文体翻译8：新闻英语实用文体翻译9：论文题目、摘要实用文体翻译10：科技英语,Suggested reading books and websites,许建平 英汉互译实践与技巧清华大学出版社 2006年郭著章、李庆生英汉互译实用教程武汉大学出版社 1996年张培基 英汉翻译教程上海外语教育出版社 1980年张光明 英语实用文体翻译中国科学技术大学出版社2009年连淑能 英汉对比研究高等教育出版社 1993年李瑞华 英汉语言文化对比研究上海外语教育出版社 199

3、7年http:/翻译界http:/译言http:/中国日报翻译点津http:/www.C 译典,第一讲 A Brief Discussion of Translation 翻译简论,一、教学重点：1.翻译的信达雅标准 2.直译与意译二、教学内容：1.翻译的重要作用2.翻译的性质和范围3.翻译的原则和标准4.直译与意译5.翻译技巧种种,.Important Role of Translation翻译的重要作用,好的译文：Coca Cola可口可乐、Hacker 骇客、club俱乐部、laser 激光不好的译文：laser镭射(名不副实)、menu菜单(容易误导)、nylon尼龙(读写不一)“芳芳

4、”FangfangMokasutu“默殺”,.Nature and Scope of Translation翻译的性质和范围,Definition定义举例:我国最流行的说法：“翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动”。美国翻译理论家E.A.Nida：“Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of meaning and

5、secondly in terms of style.所谓翻译，是指从语义到语体(风格)在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。”,英国翻译教育家Peter Newmark：“It is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.翻译是按作者的创造意图把一篇文章的意思用另一种语言描述出来的过程。”英国的J.Catford：“翻译是把一种语言的文字材料替换为另一种语言的对等的文字材料。”现代汉语词典：“翻译是把一种语言文字的意义用另

6、一种语言文字表达出来。”,.Nature and Scope of Translation翻译的性质和范围,Nature性质：Translation is not a word for word activity1、她现在非常红.*She is very red now.(She is very popular now.)2、你给我站住！*You Give Me Stop!(Stand!)3、蠢蠢欲動。*Stupid stupid want to move.(Be ready to do sth.(bad)4、寒暄*coldly talk for a while(to exchange gre

7、etings and make small talk)5、跳伞处*Site of jumping umbrella(paragliding site)6、请爱护花草*Cherishing Flowers and Trees(keep off the grass.),.Nature and Scope of Translation翻译的性质和范围,.Nature and Scope of Translation翻译的性质和范围,类别：,.Principles or Criteria of Translation翻译的原则和标准,Principle原则：严复：信，达，雅（faithfulness,

8、expressiveness,elegance)鲁迅：易解、保持原作的风姿林语堂：忠实、通顺、美傅雷：神似说（spiritual conformity）钱钟书：化境说(sublimed adaptation)许渊冲：三美说（意美、音美、形美）泰特勒Tytler：翻译三原则费道罗夫等：等值论(translation equivalence)奈达：读者反应论(dynamic equivalence),.Principles or Criteria of Translation翻译的原则和标准,Principle原则：严复Yan Fu：the first Chinese who made a pen

9、etrating（敏锐的）and relatively systematic study of translation standard in modern times.Evolution and Ethics天演论The Wealth of Nations 国富论,.Principles or Criteria of Translation翻译的原则和标准,Principle原则：严复：信 faithfulness/accuracy 忠实/准确达 expressiveness/smoothness通顺/流畅雅 elegance?,.Principles or Criteria of Tran

10、slation翻译的原则和标准,Principle原则：译文和原文的关系：faithfulness/accuracy 忠实/准确 original contents original meaning and views original form and style译文和读者的关系：expressiveness/smoothness通顺/流畅 easy,readable rendering idiomatic expression,.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,Process翻译过程：理解 Comprehension：compr

11、ehend the source text completely表达 Expression：render the source text into the target language text(a rough translation)校正 Proofreading：proofread the rough translation&polish,.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,理解：1.semantic system 语言分析2.context(linguistic and nonlinguistic)语境分析3.backgrou

12、nd information and specialized knowledge4.Logic 逻辑分析,.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,表达：Context Avoid translationese 翻译腔 所谓“翻译腔”是指译文表达不流畅,似通非通,不地道,诘屈聱牙,给人“怪怪的”感觉,简单地说,就是汉译出现“欧化”(Europeanized)现象而英译出现“汉化”(Chinglish)现象例：-照搬词典的释义,望词生义 She then uncrossed her legs.她于是使她的腿不交叉。于是她收起二郎腿。,.Lit

13、eral Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,怎样避免：1.具有端正的翻译态度2.正确使用工具书3.了解英汉语主要差别4.掌握必要的翻译技巧5.培养跨文化意识,.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,校正：1.对原作理解的错误；2.原作词句或段落的漏译；3.译文中措辞不当之处或错别字；4.译文语句不通顺的地方；5.人名、地名、日期、数字、专有名词等方面的误译；6.译文的格式是否合乎规范；7.译文的标点符号和其他专用符号使用是否正确；8.是否应添加必要的注释，等等。,.Literal Transla

14、tion and Free Translation 直译与意译,Literal Translation 直译：Not to alter the original words and sentences.To keep the sentiments and style of the original.To reproduce the ideological content and the style of the original works and retain as much as possible the figures of speech.,.Literal Translation an

15、d Free Translation 直译与意译,直译的例子：crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪；armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿；chain reaction 连锁反应；gentlemens agreement 君子协定 one country,two systems 一国两制；The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流；paper tiger 纸老虎；go to ones eternal rest 安息；the long sleep 长眠；see Marx 见马克思；go west 上西天；go

16、to heaven 上天堂；,.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,Free Translation 意译：an alternative approach generally used to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to copy its sentence patterns or figures of speech.E.g.：粗枝大叶To be crude and careless(死译：with big branches and large leaves)无孔不入To take advantage of every weakness,poke into every nook and corner(死译：to get into every hole),.Literal Translation and Free Translation 直译与意译,意译的例子：Adams apple 喉结；at sixes and sevens 乱七八