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初中七年级上语法总复习.docx

1、初中七年级上语法总复习 初中七年级上语法总复习一 Be 动词(am, is, are)的用法口诀:I 用am , you 用are ,is 连着他(he)她(she)它(it)。单数统统用is,复数一律都用are. 变疑问,往前提,句末问好莫丢弃,变否定,更容易,be 后not莫忘记,疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 注意:be 动词通常会和其他词连写在一起,如:Im , whats ,names, theyre等。I _ a student. You _ Janpanese. He _ my brother.She_ very nice. My name _Harry. I _ 10 yea

2、rs old.Lilei _ very tall. Mary, this _ Tom. Miss Zhou _ my teacher. The cat_ black. This book_ very interesting.Lilei and I _ good friends. These _ apples. Those_ bananas.They _students. you good at English?The books _ on the des二.人称代词与物主代词人称第一人称单 数第二人称单 数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复 数第三人称复 数主格Iyouhesheitweyo

3、uthey我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们宾格meyouhimheritouryouthem我你他她它我们你们他(她、它)们形容词性物主代 词myyourhisheritsoursyourtheir我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他(她、它)们的1. 通常情况下,人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。2. 通常情况下,称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语。3. 形容词性的物主代词属于限定词,后面要跟它所限定的名词。4. 通常情况下,人称代词主格会与跟在它后面的be动词缩写。如:I am=Im you are=youreHe is=hes she is=shes it is =its we are=we

4、re they are=theyre一 根据句子前后内容,写出正确的代词。Li lei is from China._ is Chinese.My name is Gina._ am a student.This is Tom._ is in Grade Two.His name is Tony ._ telephone number is 856-0770.She is a student. _name is Julia.二.用所给词的适当形式填空1.That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big.( I )2.

5、The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ?( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )8. Sh

6、ow _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _

7、camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brot

8、her. _ is only 3. I like _very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ) 22. The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )三 指示代词this ,that, these, those.These 是this 的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事。Those 是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或者前面已经提到的人或事。This is my room. That is

9、Lucys room. These are his brothers. Those are he books.四名词及名词的所有格名词:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词(一)名词的分类 1 名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。 2普通名词包括个体名词:表示一类人或物的个体。如:boy,desk,cat,window集体名词:由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family,class,police 物质名词: 表示无法分为个体的实物。如:water,paper,silk,money抽象名词:表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如:w

10、ork,happiness,music,difficulty,housework个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,有单、复数形式;物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词,一般只有一种形式。4 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。e.g. Monday,May,Christmas,Spring Festival,Maths,China Daily(二)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式

11、,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:(1) 一般情况下,在词尾加s eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boyboys 辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es. eg.beachbeaches,brushbrushes,busbuses,boxboxes(es读音为iz (3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es. eg.citycities,familyfamilies,documentarydocumentaries,countrycountries, straw

12、berrystrawberries(ies读音为iz) (注:以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)(4)以o结尾,表示无生命的物体时加s, photo-photos, piano-pianos, radio-radios, zoo-zoos表示有生命的物体时,加es,都读/ z / Nogro hero-heroes vocano potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoes,zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes (5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v

13、,再加es. thiefthieves,knifeknives wife wolf shelf life half leaf 以f或fe结尾的直接加s belief- beliefs roof safe gulf chief cliff(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。manmen, womanwomen, policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, goosegeese childchildren, mousemice, OxOxen

14、(公牛)(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。 eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。 eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。 eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。 eg.two men teachers,three

15、women doctors 可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a room of students,two boxes of pencils 2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。 (1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot oflots of,some,any等词修饰。 much money,a little bread(2) 表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。 a bag of rice,two glasses of milk,four bottles o

16、f water 3. 有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。 fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果; food食物foods各种食品;fish鱼fishes鱼的种类; drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙sands沙滩; tea茶a tea一杯茶; chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁an orange橘子; glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸a paper试卷、论文; wood木头a wood小森林;room空间、余地a room房间本册已

17、经学过的不可数名词有:broccoli, food, dessert, orange, fruit, soccer, tennis, breakfast, lunch, dinner, help, opera, work, homework, timeice-cream, salad, chicken(既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词)名词的所有格:名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加s. eg.Mikes watch;Womens Day 以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加。 eg.

18、teachersoffice,studentsrooms 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加s. eg.Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房) 两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加s. eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构 eg.a map of China,the beginning of this game,the door of the room(3)特殊形式 可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格 .

19、the boys name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字) the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿) Chinas population=the population of China(中国的人口) Chinas capital=the capital of China(中国的首都) 双重所有格 eg.a fiend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友 a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片1. 写出下列词的复数形式。baby_ case_ knife_ photo_ Chinese_ hamburger_ potat

20、o_ key_ watch_ name_ strawberry_ tomato_ dollar_ orange_ people_ documentary_ boy_ piano_ child_ man_ this_ that_ I _ she_you_ bus_ wish_ Japanese_ am_2.选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A.

21、is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, German D. Japanese, Germans 4. Thata art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already.A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old m

22、an wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. o

23、ur tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box4.把下列句子变成复数句。1. This is my friend. 2. This is a bike. 3.That is her brother. 4.This is a

24、 book. 5.That is an eraser.6.It is a red orange.7.He is a teacher.8. Whats this?9.This is my mother.10.He is a Chinese boy.11.I am a student.12.A photo is on the wall.13.You are a Chinese.14.It is an action movie.15.She has a nice dress.六数词(一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。 1.基数词的构成 (1)1-20 one,two,three,four,

25、five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。 23twenty-three,34thirty-four,45fortyfive,56fifty-six,67sixty-seven,78seventy-eight,89eighty-nine,91ninety-one (3)101999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数; 586five hundr

26、ed and eighty-six,803eight hundred and three (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。 1,001one thousand and one 9,785nine thousand,seven hundred and eighty-five 18,423eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309si

27、x million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000seven hundred and fifty,billion(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式) (二)序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。 1.序数词的构成 (1)一般在基数词后加th eg.fourfourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化 onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfih (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth, ninetyninetieth(4)二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

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