常用英译汉句型翻译技巧.ppt

1、第一节：定语从句的译法第一节：定语从句的译法第二节：被动语态的译法第二节：被动语态的译法第一节第一节定语从句的译法定语从句的译法前置法前置法 把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前，用把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前，用“的的”连接。连接。27.I have to come to discuss with you about the measures we shall take to cope with the situation.我得来和你商量一下应付这个局面采取的措施。43.The company has adopted a new approach to marketing goods abr

2、oad.公司采取了新的在海外推销产品措施。后置法后置法 把把定定语语从从句句翻翻译译在在所所修修饰饰的的先先行行词词后后，翻译为并列从句。翻译为并列从句。1.重复先行词重复先行词 30.H.G.Wells was a writer who was largely self-taught and had had a hard struggle to get an education at all.H.G.Wells是一位主要靠自学成才的作家，他完全是历尽艰辛才受到教育的。2.省略先行词省略先行词 19.This book is divided into sixteen units that de

3、al with topics of everyday conversation.本书共分为16个单元，内容涉及日常生活会话。3.融融合合法法:把把定定语语从从句句和和它它所所修修饰饰的的先先行行词结合在一起翻译词结合在一起翻译 62.The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence.经理需要一位助手，能够指望在他外出期间来处理各种问题。4.除除此此之之外外，定定语语从从句句也也可可译译成成表表示示“时时间间/原原因因/条件条件/让让/目的目的/结果结果/转折转折

4、”的分句的分句 A driver who is driving the bus mustnt talk with others or be absent-minded.司机开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。He showed no further with for conversation with Mrs.Smith,who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人讨厌。Men become desperate for work,any work,which will hel

5、p them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。He insisted on buying another house,which he had no use for.尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一栋房子。He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter.为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。They tried to stamp out the revolt,which s

6、pread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们试图镇压反抗，结果反抗越来越烈，遍及全国。She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。第二节第二节被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 译译 法法 一一.译成主动句译成主动句1.原文主语作主语原文主语作主语 当当主主语语为为无无生生命命的的名名词词，句句中中也也没没出出现现by+行行为为主主语语时时，翻翻译译往往往往将将原原句句中中的的主主语语仍仍然然译译为为

7、主语。主语。64.The project,if properly managed,could be finished ahead of schedule.如果管理得当，这个项目可以提前完成。The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.会议定于四月六日举行。特例：当主语为特例：当主语为有生命有生命的名词，有时也可原句的名词，有时也可原句主语做主语。主语做主语。33.Since the beginning of recorded history，human have been known to seek good health and the means to c

8、ure themselves of illness.自从有史以来，人类一直在追求健康的身体，寻找方法来治疗疾病。2.主宾颠倒主宾颠倒 很很多多被被动动句句子子在在表表示示行行为为主主体体的的词词前前都都加加上上by，翻翻译译时时可可将将这这类类by结结构构中中的的宾宾语语译译成成主主语语，而原来的主语译成宾语。而原来的主语译成宾语。Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.这种化学反应能放出热和光。这种化学反应能放出热和光。3增加主语增加主语 有有些些被被动动句句中中并并未未出出现现行行为为主主体体，翻翻译译时时可可适适当当

9、添添增增不不确确定定性性主主语语，如如“人人们们/有有人人/大大家家/我我们们”23.Having been given such a good chance,how could she let it get away?人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？二二.译成无主句译成无主句 有有些些被被动动句句不不需需要要或或无无法法说说出出行行为为主主体体，因因此此，翻翻译译时时往往往往译译成成无无主主语语句句，这这时时原原句句中中的的主主语语一般译成宾语一般译成宾语Water can be shown as containing impurities.可以证明水含有杂质。三三.译成判断句译

10、成判断句 有有些些被被动动句句不不强强调调被被动动动动作作，而而着着重重对对事事物物的的状状态态，过过程程和和性性质质等等加加以以描描述述，其其作作用用与与系系表表结结构构类类似似，因因此此翻翻译译这这类类被被动动句句经经常常采采用用的的是是“是是.的的”的形式。的形式。Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。四四.被动句型被动句型“It is+Ved+that”的翻译的翻译 It is+Ved(said/considered/stressed)+that 这这种种句句型型翻翻译译时时习习惯惯采采用用主主动动语语态态，有有时时还还需需要要加加上行为主体上行为主体“我们我们/人们人们/大家大家/有人有人”等等等等 It is considered that this is a complicated subject.有人认为，这是门复杂的学科。