专四语法(主要句子结构).ppt

1、n句子结构句子结构句子的划分句子的划分n nI.I.根据结构划分根据结构划分根据结构划分根据结构划分：n n简单句简单句n nS+VS+V（主（主（主（主+谓）谓）谓）谓）n negeg.Internet dating hurts.Internet dating hurts.n nS+V+P(S+V+P(主主主主+谓谓谓谓+表表表表)n nI am a teacher.I am a teacher.n nStill water runs deep.Still water runs deep.n n静水流深静水流深。n nS+V+OS+V+O（主（主（主（主+谓谓谓谓+宾）宾）宾）宾）n nI

2、like chatting online.I like chatting online.n nShe is doing her homework.She is doing her homework.n nS+V+o+O（主（主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾）直宾）n neg.I lend her some money.n nS+V+O+C（主（主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补）宾补）n neg.She often asks me to help her.双宾语双宾语n n英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语称为双宾语。句子结构为：主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：My

3、parents bought me a computer.双宾语用法要点双宾语用法要点 n n1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语后面。n neg.He gave her some chips.=He gave some chips to her.n n2 2、以下几种情况通常要用介词、以下几种情况通常要用介词toto或或forfor引起的短语：引起的短语：n n1)1)当直接宾语是人称代词当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)(it/them)时。时。n negeg.This book is.This book is MrMr Wangs.Please Wangs.

4、Please give it to himgive it to him.n nn n2)2)当强调间接宾语时。当强调间接宾语时。n negeg.Mother.Mother cooks meals for uscooks meals for us every day.every day.n nn n3)3)当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。n negeg.On the bus,she often.On the bus,she often gives her seat to the old gives her seat to the old personperson.n

5、n n n3、由to引出间接宾语的动词有：give,show,pass,lend,take,tell,write,send,hand,bring等；n n由for引出间接宾语的动词有：buy,make,cook,get,sing,read,build,choose,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order等复合宾语复合宾语n n英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为“复合宾语复合宾语”。n n句子结构为：“主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语”。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短

6、语等。n neg.He made us laugh.复合宾语用法要点复合宾语用法要点 n n1、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep,make,find等。n neg.We must keep our classroom clean.n n2、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call,name,make,think等。n neg.We call them mooncakes.n n3、常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,hear,find,keep等。n neg.In the country,we can hear birds singing.n n4、常接介词短语

7、作宾语补足语的动词有：keep,find,leave等。n neg.I left my pen on my desk at home.n n5、常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish等；接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see,watch,hear,make,let等。n neg.I often see him play football.n nShe often asks me to help her.n n判断其是双宾语还是复合宾语要看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系：如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系)，那

8、么该动词所接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。n neg.Who kept you waiting so long?n n(宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系，因此you waiting是复合宾语。)n n并列句 and,but,or,so,for,etc.n neg.I like action movies but dont like thrillers.n nId better take an umbrella,for it is going to rain.n n复合句：n n名词从句（宾，主，表，同）n n 副词从句（状语从句）n n 形容词从句（定语从句）n nII.II.根据

9、功能划分：根据功能划分：根据功能划分：根据功能划分：n n陈述句陈述句陈述句陈述句n n疑问句疑问句疑问句疑问句n n一般疑问句一般疑问句n n特殊疑问句特殊疑问句n n选择疑问句选择疑问句n negeg.Do you like tea or.Do you like tea or（do you likedo you like）coffeecoffee？n n反意疑问句反意疑问句n negeg.You have completed that job,havent you?.You have completed that job,havent you?n n祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句n n用以表示请

10、求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。子。子。子。n n主语主语主语主语You You 常省略，只以动词原形开头。常省略，只以动词原形开头。常省略，只以动词原形开头。常省略，只以动词原形开头。n n一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。n nStop bugging me.Stop bugging me.n nDont judge a book by its cover.Do

11、nt judge a book by its cover.n nLets hope for the best.Lets hope for the best.n nLet bygones be bygones.Let bygones be bygones.n nMake hay while sun shinesMake hay while sun shines.n n晒草要趁太阳好。（抓住有利时机。）晒草要趁太阳好。（抓住有利时机。）n n感叹句感叹句感叹句感叹句n n主要由主要由whatwhat和和howhow来引导。来引导。n nWhat What 结构主要有三种结构主要有三种n nA.Wh

12、at A.What a(na(n)+)+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+谓语！谓语！n negeg.What a lovely boy he is!.What a lovely boy he is!n nB.What+B.What+形容词形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！谓语部分！n n egeg.What foolish mistakes you have made.What foolish mistakes you have made.n n What nice weather(it is)!What nice weather(it is)!n n

13、C.What+C.What+a(na(n)+)+可数名词单数！可数名词单数！n n n nHow How 结构主要有三种：结构主要有三种：n nA.How+A.How+形容词形容词/副词副词+主谓部分主谓部分n negeg.How lovely the boy is!.How lovely the boy is!n n How fast the time flies!How fast the time flies!n nB.How+B.How+形容词形容词+a(na(n)+)+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主谓部分主谓部分n n How lovely a boy he is!How lovely a boy he is!n nC.How+C.How+主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）主谓部分（实义动词做谓语）n n How I hate exam!How I hate exam!我真烦考试！我真烦考试！n n How he snores!How he snores!他鼾声如雷！他鼾声如雷！