新课程高考英语专题复习考点总结详解版语法专题突破词法篇动词之情态动词和虚拟语气.docx

1、新课程高考英语专题复习考点总结详解版语法专题突破词法篇动词之情态动词和虚拟语气语法专题突破词法篇动词之情态动词和虚拟语气重温高考.单句语法填空(新课标全国样卷)Mum：Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _must_ have put them in there when the phone rang.解析：动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意，是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测，故肯定句中用must have done形式。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2016浙江)Then he and my mother would have had a dr

2、ink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers._去掉had_解析：根据语境知，此处是描述的过去的一种习惯，故用would do表示“过去常常做”。 would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本来会做”。2(2016全国)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby._去掉can或canshould_解析：suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要用should do形式，should可以

3、省略，故答案有两种改法。3(全国)We must found ways to protect our environment._foundfind_解析：情态动词后面要接动词原形。4(四川)If you are me, would you talk to them?_arewere_解析：该句为if虚拟条件句，表示与现在情况相反的假设，条件句中动词要用过去式(be动词用were)，所以要把are改为were。5(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch t

4、hem, my parents would not to let me._去掉to_解析：考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。考点精析考点一情态动词的基本用法1情态动词近几年考点总结近几年高考语法填空和短文改错对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词，在短文改错中经常漏掉系动词be，或在情态动词后加了动词的其他形式。(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词be过去分词。(3)该用过去式时没用，有过去式的情态动词有：cancould，maymight，shallshould, willwould，have tohad to，daredared。

5、2情态动词的基本用法(1)can/could表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)。相关的特殊句型有：can not.too./enough再怎么也不过分；cant help but do不得不做；cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事。(2)may/might表较小的可能性。表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是好，最好”。may well do表示“很可能”。may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may主语动词原形”结构。May you succeed.祝你成功。(3)must表示非常肯定的推测。表“偏要，非要不可”

6、。mustnt意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用neednt。(4)shall的用法用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should。用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用neednt或dont have to。(5)should/ought toshould表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”。ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。(6)will/would表意志或意愿。表事物的某种性质和倾向，或“按规律”“注定会”。表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去

7、的习惯性动作用would。(7)need和dareneed“需要”和dare“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。考点二情态动词have过去分词1表示对过去事情的推测肯：must(一定)，may/might(可能)否：may/might not(可能不)，cannot/couldnt(不可能)疑：Can/Could.?It must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。He may have gone to sleep.他也许已睡着了。2表示“本(而事实并非如此)”should(应该)need(必须)might(可以) could(能够)You neednt

8、 have taken a taxi, for it was so near.你没有必要坐出租车的，因为离得太近了。We could have helped you, but we were busy.我们本能帮助你的，但我们太忙了。考点三虚拟语气的用法1if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示将来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形

9、动词过去式were to动词原形If I had enough money，I would buy myself a computer first of all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。If you had come earlier，you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.如果你早点儿来，就不会错过那班公共汽车了。If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow，I would invite him home.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。提示(1)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现shoul

10、d，were或had，可以把if省略，把should，were或had提到句首，其他语序不变。(2)当if条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。(3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without，or，otherwise，but for等词或短语来表示。2shoulddo.结构的虚拟语气一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词，后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词，常见的这类动词有：order, command, re

11、quire, request, demand，advise，suggest(建议)，propose，recommend，insist(坚持，坚决要求)等；以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，从句谓语也要用“should动词原形”来表示，同样，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。Your suggestion that the door(should)be shut when we leave is reasonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。3wish后面接宾语从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即与现在事实相反时，谓语用

12、过去式；与过去事实相反时，谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反时，谓语用“could/would/might动词原形”。I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。4would rather“宁愿”后接宾语从句时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即与现在和将来事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。5It is(high/about)time(that).意为“是的时候了”，that在此引导定语从句，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式有两种：一种是用一般过去式；另一种是

13、用“should动词原形”，需要注意的是，这里的should不能省略。Its high time that we should get/got down to working.该我们着手工作的时候了。6if only从句中的虚拟语气if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。7as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It seems as though it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)考点集训题组一情态

14、动词集训.单句语法填空1I dont know where she is, she _may_ be in Wuhan.2The road is wet. It _must_ have rained last night.3You _shall_ be punished if you cheat in the exam.4Dont worry. Ive just sent an ambulance to you. They _should_ be there any second.5I _should_ have gone to the school library, but it raine

15、d heavily, so I did not.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1You had better not to have stayed there, but you did._去掉to_2My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. My attitude changed from then on._mustcould/might_3I have been practising for three weeks now, but

16、 I still couldnt get used to itin fact, Ive nearly killed three people._couldntcant_4Thank you for all you have done for me. Mom, though I may often say it, I do love you._may后加not_5Judging from what you said, he ought succeed._ought后加to_题组二虚拟语气集训.单句语法填空1He walked in as if he _had bought_(buy) the s

17、chool. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.2If you _had told_(tell) me the news yesterday, I wouldnt be so worried now.3Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _had_(have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.4He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he _would have come_(

18、come) to the party.5Its time that our government _took_(take) measures to improve the quality of the buildings.6Mr Li insisted that the sports meeting _(should) be put_(put) off because of the bad weather.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1If I was 10 years younger, I would start all over again._waswere_2If we had eno

19、ugh rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest._had后加had_3Was I to be a teacher in the future, first of all, I would try my best to give students lessons._WasWere_4George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focuses more on its culture._focusesfocused_5The c

20、hairman demanded that people present made every effort to protect the polar bear against dying out._mademake_.语法填空(情态动词和虚拟语气专练)Lucy is an outgoing lady. She 1._can_ play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she 2._could_ play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercis

21、e every day. She says that she has to do some sports because she 3._must_ keep slim. “You 4._shall_ get fat soon if you dont take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.As for her, an elegant lady should try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she 5._might_ put on weight an

22、d her husband suggested that she 6._should_ lose weight. And these days shed rather that she 7._took_(take) more exercise every day. However, she is always lacking in time because she has to take care of her children.One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow P

23、ark and she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing must 8._have begun_(begin), and the coach 9._could_ have taught or shown many new moves. She was afraid that her friends might 10._have left_(leave) before she got there. She was regretful then.She 11._should_ have had supper earlier, or

24、 she could have taken a taxi, and indeed she neednt 12._have taken_(take) a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she found nobody was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.综合演练词法篇动词.单句语法填空1(2017山东济宁模拟)Long ago

25、 Hongbao _was seen_(see) as a means of protecting children from evil Spirits.解析：根据Long ago这一时间状语可知，此处应用一般过去时，而且see与Hongbao之间为被动关系，主语为单数，故填was seen。2(2017山西太原期末)The reason for this is that Britains supermarkets _have experienced_(experience) huge changes in the past decade.解析：根据时间状语in the past decade

26、可知，该句应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have experienced。3(2017安徽合肥质检)You look so tired and pale. Anything wrong?I hate to complain, but a new road _is being built_(build) throughout the night.解析：根据语境可知是现在的时间，整晚在修路，且road与build之间为被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。4(2017安徽安庆一中模拟)Id like a bike which _rides_(ride) well.Will this one do

27、?解析：定语从句中的时态与主句时态一致，且根据语义可知，从句讲述的是自行车的特性，故填一般现在时且用主动形式表被动。5(2016浙江六校联考)Didnt you talk any with Rice?No, the plane _had taken_(take) off when I rushed to the airport to see her off.解析：根据后者的回答可知，没有与赖斯谈话，也就是说后者到机场时，赖斯乘坐的飞机已经起飞了，故填过去完成时。6(2016福建三校联考)He _has been working_(work) around the clock since Jun

28、e, when the first Ebola case appeared in this agricultural country.解析：根据时间状语since June可确定使用现在完成时，另由around the clock可知，他从未停止过工作，故填现在完成进行时。7(2016甘肃二诊)The passengers _were enjoying_(enjoy) themselves when a small rat stole out from the bag of a young man, which made the young woman nearby alarmed with

29、loud screaming.解析：从句用一般过去时，且由语境可知，此处应用过去进行时。另外，也可根据“be doing.when.”来判断。8(2016重庆南开中学一诊)We could have walked to the restaurant; it was so close.Yes. A taxi _was_(be) not at all necessary.解析：本题前句中could have walked表示过去本该做而未做的事，暗示发生在过去；因此，此处表示乘坐出租车是没必要的，故用一般过去时，陈述过去发生的事情。9(2016广东佛山模拟)In 2006, I _felt_(fe

30、el) I needed a new challenge so I decided to take a filmmaking courage.解析：根据时间状语In 2006可知，应使用一般过去时，故填felt。10(2016北京西城区期末)This ferryboat _has been used_(use) to transport passengers between the harbor and the island for years.解析：根据for years及语义理解可知，使用现在完成时，另外this ferryboat与use之间为被动关系，故填has been used。1

31、1(2017浙江宁波模拟)The excellent student didnt take part in the contest held last week, or he _would have won_(win) the first prize.解析：考查虚拟语气。根据上文“didnt take part in the contest”可知，该语境讲述的是与过去相反的情况，or后面的句子应用would have done，故可知答案。12(2017黄山质检)Im afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me.Well